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EDF appears from Monday morning before the correctional court of Nanterre for spying in 2006, a computer anti-nuclear organization Greenpeace. The electrician, as a corporation, and the head of his security service at the time, Pascal Durieux, 64, and his assistant Pierre-François Paul, 63, are charged with complicity of "undermining a system of automated data processing. " In other words for hacking.

EDF did not directly hacked the hard drive of Yannick Jadot, director of Greenpeace campaign. The company had used a business intelligence company, Kargus Consultants, headed by Thierry Lohro. Which had sought a self-taught hacker of his knowledge, Alain Quiros. The attacker was not enough stealth since he left traces on the computer of another victim allowed the court to go back to the folder Greenpeace.

Thierry Lohro is a former agent of the DGSE. Alain Quiros occasionally worked for the Atlantic Intelligence Company, founded by the former head of the GIGN Philippe Legorjus. EDF side, Pascal Durieux against a former admiral and his assistant Pierre-Paul Francis was a police officer.

Appropriate forum for Greenpeace

Facing the judge Thomas Cassuto, the two leaders EDF – removed from office in April 2009 – have denied knowledge of the illegal means used to gather information on Greenpeace. As for the CD-ROM found in the safe of Pierre-Paul Francois at EDF 1420 containing pirated files on the computer of Yannick Jadot, MM. François Durieux, and would not have bothered to watch the content according to their testimony. Pierre-François Paul does not deny having been presented to the hacker by Thierry Lohro Quiros in a cafe near the Military Club a few months before piracy.In addition, EDF has established two contracts with Kargus Consultants, a first in 2004 in the amount of 10,000 euros per month, the second in November 2006 providing for a fee of EUR 4,664 cash advances pay day loan.40 per month for one year. Police, Thierry Lohro said the contract was payment for subsequent operation of piracy.

Yannick Jadot, target of piracy, became MEP and spokesperson Eva Joly, the Green candidate for president: the trial offers a timely media platform to Greenpeace. And the opportunity to prove nothing less than "nuclear power is incompatible with the rules of French democracy." The organization claims 8.3 million euros in damages to EDF. For his part, counsel for the energy giant, Alex Gublin, raise, according to AFP, a priority issue of constitutionality (QPC) for a retroactive application of the law.The discretion of the President of the 15th Criminal Chamber, Isabelle Prevost-Desprez, the trial could be returned, or take place over ten days of the hearing.

Of doping in cycling hacking

The investigation that led to the indictment of EDF to a computer hacking Greenpeace's original appearance in a case removed: doping the American cyclist Floyd Landis, winner – decommissioned – the Tour de France 2006. On 14 September 2006, the department's National Laboratory for Doping Detection (LNDD) of Chatenay-Malabry discovers an intrusion on one of its computers. The police investigation following the complaint of the laboratory establishes a chain of links – which passes by the renowned Pinkerton Detective Agency U.S. – between Arnie Baker, coach of the cyclist, and a certain Alain Quiros, hacker to its hours.Surrounding the yellow jersey doped sought to discredit the LNDD to strengthen his defense. Computer equipment seized from Alain Quiros, exiled in Morocco since the fall of 2006, will the investigators on the trail of other victims of the hacker. Among them, the association of small shareholders of Vivendi and Yannick Jadot, campaign director of Greenpeace.

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Germany "means that Greece is a member of the euro area", reaffirmed on Monday a spokesman for the Ministry of Economy … who quickly added that Athens was coupled with the necessary reforms "loosely controlled". A phrase that sums up how Berlin is losing patience.

An internal document in German Ministry of Finance, taken by the newspaper Handelsblatt, illustrates the degradation of the opinion of the Germans against the Greeks: "The Government will further Papandreou promised much to its partners, to access a new tranche of credit, but it will not happen, "it said. And his conclusion is clear: Germany is preparing seriously to stop helping Athens.

In fact, Berlin is now considering a very real insolvency of Greece.Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble is no longer small sentences like this weekend when it was hammered out of the question to continue paying for Greece as it does not fulfill the conditions set by its creditors.

The post-bankruptcy in the study

In gray and cream long corridors of the Ministry of Wilhelmstrasse, the teams of the latter were already working on the management of post-bankruptcy. According to Spiegel, two scenarios are discussed – the output of Pure and simple in the euro area. The Department neither confirms nor denies. But in an article published yesterday, the Minister of Economy, Philipp Rösler, openly spoke of a possible bankruptcy of Greece.

Yet next scene, the CDU denies pessimism. For the president of the parliamentary group in the Bundestag Volker Kauder, "an exit from the euro area is not a solution."The party's general secretary, Hermann Grohe, Cassandra pin that inflame the debate: "We need to encourage the Greeks. We help are people in this way. "

Chancellor Angela Merkel sticks, meanwhile, delivered the remarks Sunday in an interview with the daily Tagesspiegel, saying that one can not "fix overnight what is not done for years" . On Monday, after his meeting with José Manuel Barroso, it simply just a terse statement on the importance of the euro.But if his spokesman said that the government's official position is to rely on the conclusions of the troika (EU-IMF-ECB), which experts arrive Wednesday in Greece for a thorough audit, he added that Germany Greece would not help that "in very strict conditions."

Ruling coalition isolated

Within the ruling coalition in Berlin, the Christian Democrats are isolated. The brothers enemies of Free Democrats and the Bavarian CSU common cause. When Philipp Rösler, also chairman of the FDP and thus vice-chancellor, said that one should "refrain from further consider an orderly insolvency of Greece", the patron of Christian social applauds Horst Seehofer, "content that these thoughts are expressed out loud. "

The CSU has also adopted an important resolution yesterday internally.In fifteen pages, it will detail the conditions it deems necessary to accept in the future to vote on plans to assist countries in need. It says this sentence murders: "States which are not able to stick to common rules, and put the euro area in difficulty should expect to leave the currency area." In Germany, the time of indulgence is over.

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While the price war is raging in the mobile, the controversy swells at the end of unlimited Internet packages, the operators challenge the tender on licensing 4G, Eric Besson, Minister of Industry, responds to Figaro on all issues and criticizing the socialist project on digital.

LE FIGARO. – The bidding on licenses 4G is attacked. Will you give up?

Eric Besson. – The State Council will vote Wednesday. Expect. But thanks to this call for nominations, France will be part of the forefront of the mobile broadband Internet. The government is selling rare frequency of the highest quality, which all countries say they are strategic. We do this with the twin goals of coverage and stimulating competition, the benefit of consumers. Traders feared that a monopoly or duopoly is not recreated.But this call for applications is the first to include criteria as pro-competitive: the creation of four lots so that all current operators can expect to find their place, creating a criterion favoring offers to host virtual operators. We have gone as far as possible to encourage competition. But we also need strong operators, able to achieve very significant investment for years to come, both for the deployment of mobile broadband as that of the optical fiber.

How will you deal with interference of DTT by 4G?

As has always been the case in all countries of the world, a trader who buys frequencies is liable for any interference that they can generate. We assess that risk to less than 2% of households.To facilitate the processing of any such interference, the government will establish a single telephone number, with a small call center, so that individuals can report any such interference on their TV and get the linkage with operator responsible. This device will be funded by all operators at a rate of 2 million euros per year for five years.

You advocate for changing the standard of TNT. Chains bonus going to be frozen, and consumers will they have to buy a TV?

I am not campaigning for anything, and there will be no change in standard of TNT in the coming years. The French continue to receive 19 free channels and 10 pay channels of TNT, with no changes.What we're talking about is the next step, and new services to be launched in the coming years: new TV channels, personal mobile TV, 3D TV … The question is whether these new services will use the older DVB-T or the new DVB-T2 which allows to get 70% extra services. Chains on bonus, not the government that calls into question, but the European Commission, which initiated proceedings no teletrack payday loans. It would be irresponsible to issue permits for them to be canceled two years later, and that the state is then ordered to pay $ 800 million to 1 billion euros in compensation.Let the president of the CSA put its proposal and the prime minister officiate.

Packages Unlimited Internet at home are at risk?

The unlimited plans are at the heart of the development of the digital economy and are not threatened, quite the contrary. New unlimited call plans appear almost every week. Some operators have started to consider to better segment their offer, which does by no means the end of the unlimited. With the development of very high speed, there will be even more unlimited in the months and years to come.

How do you protect consumers?

We have set up with the social tariff Frédéric Lefebvre mobile phone, which allows 40 minutes to communicate and send 40 SMS for less than 10 euros per month.We will implement in the coming days the social tariff of the Internet, or 20 euros per month for telephone and broadband Internet, plus 3 euros per month for a box. We will sign an initial agreement on September 13. The order that I issued on August 26 also includes important measures as the establishment of an impartial mediator to each operator, the requirement to obtain consent from consumers for the automatic sending of commercial messages or for the establishment of witnesses navigation.

What are the issues you organize inter-ministerial seminar on October 21?

This is progress in the implementation of the declaration of Deauville.Networks (both funding and security), protection of personal data and the fight against the digital divide will be on the agenda.

What do you think of socialist proposals on digital?

The project of the PS is archaic. It is based on a tax Internet access, known as "socially progressive". Internet access will be paid based on their income! The PS also wants to abolish Hadopi and create a global license. This proposal has been accepted anywhere in the world. This would be the end of copyright in the land of the cultural exception! The PS also provides for the creation of a single public operator for the deployment of high-speed fixed and mobile. He still has not understood that the introduction of competition was the key factor in broadband deployment and growth of the digital economy.

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It's a battle of titans. On one side of the ring, Google and its $ 39 billion in cash. On the other, Apple, which has a strike force of 75 billion. And the challenge of combat is the title of world champion all kinds of platforms for the exchange of content on the Internet and mobile. These famous platforms (YouTube, iTunes, Amazon, Netflix, Facebook, Twitter …) named by the Anglo-Saxons' OTT "(over the top), have made off the Internet. The report "Global Internet Phenomena Report" Netflix accounts for 30% of Internet streams in the United States, YouTube and iTunes 11% 3.2%. Between them, they weigh already 43% of U.S. Internet traffic!

The famous vision of the convergence of content and pipes dear to Jean-Marie Messier is totally outdated. Today, a group that controls a movie studio and a telecom operator has only his eyes to cry.The new Web giants like Google and Apple do not control any of this. They just developed a huge platform of exchange on the Internet on which they aggregate to music, movies, television series, electronic books, newspapers, video games and entertaining thousands of small applications. The challenge for them is to distribute such content on devices (mobile phones, tablets, PCs, TVs connected) and to levy a tithe in the process. But to control the distribution, they need three pieces of the puzzle: the platform, the terminal and finally the software that connects the platform and the terminal.

This is Steve Jobs, the genius head of Apple, who developed the concept cash advance. His platform called iTunes and Apple Store. Its terminals are called iPod, iPhone and iPad. Finally, the software that links is called IOS.Engineering is to develop an easy to use and so user friendly that consumers choose to voluntarily shut themselves in a world of Apple and even give him the credit card number! A dream!

Next step: the network

In this strategy, Google has a delay time. But in the world of technology, the positions are turning very quickly. The platform called Google and now Google + YouTube, social networking competitor Facebook, which has already gathered more than 25 million users. Google has also developed its software: Android. Used by 150 million mobile phones and hundreds of thousands of tablets, Android than Apple the IOS.

However, Google has never succeeded in producing a terminal. His first mobile, the Nexus One, was a failure.Its case for Google TV connected TV is not taking off and there is still no tablet Google. A huge hole in the strategy. Larry Page, Google CEO, knows that to win against Apple, it needs to control the terminals. Motorola is a strong brand and its laboratories are full of excellent telecom engineers. Specifically, the next battleground may be the control of telecom networks. In 2007, Google was a candidate for the purchase of mobile frequencies in the United States. Without success. But this is only a postponement.

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The U.S. stock markets open lower again on Friday. The Dow Jones down 0.87% at 12,134 points and the Standard & Poor's 500 and Nasdaq 100 recede 1% respectively in 1287 and 0.96% points to 2740 points. Thursday, Wall Street recorded a fifth straight session decline.

The bad news on the front of the U.S. economy weighs heavily on the trend of economic growth the U.S. has slowed sharply in 2011 to 1.3% annual rate in the second quarter in a first estimate published Friday by the U.S. government.This growth rate, below analysts' expectations (1.8%), is particularly low given the significant revision of the first quarter, now estimated at 0.4% against 1.9% in June

U.S. markets are also penalized by the current political impasse in Washington, where Democrats and Republicans compete on the thorny question of raising the federal debt ceiling and deficit reduction. Just a few days of August 2, after which, according to the Treasury, the U.S. may default a blocking this weighs heavily on investor sentiment.That night, the U.S. House of Representatives postponed the vote on the plan of raising the U.S. debt ceiling.

Barack Obama will speak this Friday at 16.20 Paris time.

This new failure could, under the new Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund, Christine Lagarde, affect the value of the dollar. "One consequence is a decline in the dollar as reserve currency and reduced confidence in the dollar," she said in an interview with PBS.Some 14 patrons of banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions on Wall Street Thursday wrote to President Barack Obama and members of Congress to "call upon to reach agreement this week."

Moody's lowers rating outlook for Spain

Adding to the nervousness of the markets in Europe, the rating agency Moody's is considering lowering the rating of Spain. On the foreign exchange market, the euro was immediately dropped below the 1.43 dollar. Around 11:00, the European currency was worth 1.4276 dollars against 1.4324 dollars on Thursday night. Oil prices also retreated in the late morning. A barrel of Brent North Sea crude for September delivery was trading at 117.10 dollars on the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) in London, down 26 cents from the close of Thursday.In electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange, a barrel of "light sweet crude" (WTI) for the same maturity fell by 52 cents to 96.92 dollars.

On the macroeconomic front, investors will be watching today's first estimate of gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States in the second quarter.

The side of values

Starbucks (-1% to 39.58 dollars) unveiled for the third quarter of its fiscal year profit up 34% to 279 million and a turnover of 2.9 billion dollars, up 12% and 8 % same-store thanks to an increase in traffic (6%) and average ticket (2%).CEO Howard Schultz commented: "We hope to achieve our EPS growth of 15% to 20% in fiscal 2012. ".

For his part, Metlife (1.48% at 40 and 40 dollars) recorded operating income of $ 16.9 billion, up 33%. Premiums and other revenues increased to 11.8 38U billion, following the acquisition of Alico, while investment income jumped 24% to $ 5.1 billion.

Chesapeake Energy (3.77% to 34.69 dollars) realized in the third quarter earnings per share of 0.76 dollars against 0.75 dollars excluding special items.

Expedia (3.48% to $ 30) recorded an adjusted earnings per share of 0.55 dollars in the second quarter against 0.44 dollar a year earlier. Revenues jumped 23% to $ 1 billion.Gross bookings increased 19% and the number of transactions increased by 15% while advertising revenues rose 27%.

McKesson (0.60% to 80.08 dollars) made from earnings per share for the first quarter of 1.27 dollar against 1.16 dollar last year and a turnover of 30 billion dollars in 9% increase. The company raised its earnings per share target to 6.09 – 6.29 dollars against a previous estimate of 5.55 – 5.75 dollars.

Motorola Mobility (-5.06% to 21.75 dollars) has issued an earnings per share for the second quarter of 0.09 dollars against a loss of 0.3 dollar per share last year. Sales rose 28% to $ 3.3 billion.

The Asian market returns to the green on Wednesday. Investors in the region are encouraged by the rebound recorded in the markets of Europe and on Wall Street yesterday, despite dominating the wait before the meeting of Heads of States of the euro zone on Thursday. Moreover, U.S. President Barack Obama has sought reassurance on the issue of sovereign debt of the United States. He found "consistent with (its) approach" on raising the debt ceiling a new plan presented Tuesday the Senate, and held that "progress" had been made in negotiations with his Republican opponents.

Finally, another source of motivation for investors: the good results from Apple. After those, equally good, IBM, the group reported Tuesday a quarterly revenue again well above expectations, driven by strong sales of iPhones, particularly in Asia, and tablets iPad.This new support this morning all the technology stocks in the region.

In Japan, the Nikkei shows a rise of 1.15% at 10,003 points at a time of closing, including increased by Pioneer (3.12%), SoftBank (2.61%), Toshiba (2 , 99%) and TDK (3.18%).

The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong more timidly climbed from 0.10% to 21,914 points. The bank is on the rise as Bank of Communications (0.91%). In contrast, the Shanghai Stock Exchange was down 0.41% to 2785 points. In Korea, the Kospi up 1.15% and the Indian Sensex gained 0.36%. The S & P Australian advance of 1.60%, boosted by the progresison heavyweight BHP Billiton (1.64%), which announced that a new record for annual production of iron ore. Action News Corp (3% to 14.94 dollars) is also continuing its rebound after the hearing of his boss Rupert Murdoch in front of British parliamentarians.

Oil up

Oil prices were also up Wednesday in electronic trading in Asia, with investors encouraged by the figures better than expected real estate in the United States, analysts said.

In morning trading, a barrel of "light sweet crude" for delivery in August took 80 cents to 98.30 dollars. That of Brent North Sea crude for September delivery took 69 cents to 117.75 dollars.

Nikos Aliagas will make his return to radio. It will be on Europe 1, to interview people in the new morning Bruce Toussaint. Just a month after announcing his departure from the "6 / 9 'NRJ, with a simple tweet, the host TV and radio back then the tape. Denis Olivennes, the head of the Lagardère group's television station, confirmed Tuesday morning on Twitter.

For its first grid back, the CEO of Europe 1 has muscled its morning. At the helm, Bruce Toussaint, a defector from Canal +. To maneuver for political and big personalities: Jean-Pierre Elkabbach retains his interview. For humor, Nicolas Canteloup has re-signed for a season and retains his column, which is a peak audience of the station with 1.4 to 1.6 million listeners.In a grid, which reaffirms the primacy of the information, Nikos Aliagas therefore takes the side of people who had been introduced by Marc-Olivier Fogiel in his morning.

Moderator contract of TF1, Nikos Aliagas presents "50 Minutes Inside", the magazine of a people. On the radio, he has succeeded in redressing the morning of NRJ in two seasons only.

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Parisian investors tried to back up the hill after a session that began in the 3900 ACC 40chuter points. But to no avail. After taking all morning, the benchmark index of the Bourse de Paris digs its losses to 15 hours (-0.92%) at 3854.15 points, after the announcement by the U.S. Department of Labor unemployment figures very disappointing for the month of May. Same scenario elsewhere in Europe, the Dax index featuring the Frankfurt Stock Exchange Folding of 0.47% to 7041.04 points while the FTSE was down 0.59% to 5813.26 points.

In addition, investor optimism is reinforced by the continuing problems of sovereign debt in Europe.Today Greece and the "troika" will unveil details of an upcoming fiscal tightening.

Finally, operators are troubled by bad macroeconomic indicators in the U.S. which suggest that the recovery is still difficult for the world's largest economy. Yesterday, the bad news is still chained to the front of the productivity, prevents Wall Street rebound. This morning the Asian market was also very mixed. This especially since the rating agency Moody's has threatened Thursday to put the debt rating of long-term United States, currently at AAA, on negative watch.

The service sector slows in Europe

Finally, the wait dominates before the publication of several important statistics.In France, growth in services sector activity slowed slightly in May but remains close to the peak of nearly 11 years hit the previous month, final results showed on Friday of the monthly survey from the Markit Purchasing Managers . PMI Segment income $ 62.5 after hitting 62.9 in April, its highest level since September 2000. An initial flash estimate of 62.8 gave the May 23

This same index slowed sharply in Germany last month to 56.1, its lowest level since October against a flash estimate of 54.9 and a figure of 56.8 in April.

Then the United States, the appointment of the day will be the publication of the monthly report on employment from the Labor Department low rates payday advance. Then comes the ISM services.

As for currencies, the euro, which climbed to over $ 1.45 yesterday, continues its recovery. It traded at 1.4482 dollars this morning.Oil prices were also rising in electronic trading in Asia, due to the decline of the dollar, prompting investors to buy commodities. In morning trading, a barrel of light sweet crude for July delivery gained 20 cents to 100.60 dollars. That of Brent North Sea crude for delivery same took 24 cents to 115.78 dollars.

Values ​​to follow

The banking industry is again monitored while the budget plan for Greece and the "troika" will be unveiled. BNP Paribas (+0.78% at 52.82 euros), Societe Generale (0.57% to 40.43 euros), Credit Agricole (+0.48% to 10.40 euros) move.

TF1: -0.32% to 12.39 euros

Media rights to Roland Garros on Europe, formerly held by Eurosport (TF1), will change the diffuser to be allocated to the agency MP & Silva from 2012.

Vivendi: -0.18% to 18.91 euros

SFR announce next week an overhaul of its mobile offerings and partnership with the broadcast site Spotify music on the internet, writes La Tribune. The telecom operator will hold a press conference Tuesday, June 7

Thales: 2.54% to 29.68 euros, Safran: 1.89% to 28.30 euros

Discussions between the two groups regarding an exchange of assets will be using a mediator, Aldo Cardoso, former head of Andersen's consulting firm, said Friday the newspaper Les Echos.

Renault: 0.70 to 38.16 EUR

The manufacturer believes that the shortage of diesel that has weighed on its registrations in the month of May in France will be eliminated in the second half, especially against the backdrop of the expected slowdown of the market, told The Tribune on Commerce Director of the French subsidiary.

A TV for unlimited calling. Sony chose an original niche to highlight its TV connected: video conferencing over Skype, a service that allows free calls, provided you have an Internet connection.

If Japanese is not the only one to offer this service – Samsung, LG and Panasonic offer it as well – it is the first to make it as widely promoted. This choice is indicative of the state of the market for connected TV, which is considered a powerful source of growth for manufacturers, but that is slow to take off. For now, in fact, consumers are not rushing to acquire these new displays, including the additional cost can reach 20%. Now, Sony has chosen to generalize the TV connected to nearly all its range: 90% is provided.The ability to enjoy a free video conferencing service, regardless of the destination of the call could be a vehicle purchase.

Microsoft, another winner

But this initiative also risks alienating the telecom operators, who see emerge a new type of competition. However, competition is already fierce between service providers that continue to add "free" to their offering. Not to mention the risk of flooding posed to Internet networks likely this additional data traffic.

The highlighting of Skype, which is a service offered by Sony on its TV connected, enter the group's strategy to "bring consumers to their television, they gradually abandoned in favor of their PC, smartphone or tablet.The President of the Japanese giant, Howard Stringer, has willingly TV connected as an element "family structure" which may again find themselves in a room.

Although, paradoxically, the fact chat on his television to watch television prevents! Indeed, if technically nothing prevents the embedding of a "picture in picture, television channels are radically opposed to the idea of ​​content that eludes them inserted in" their "emissions. And even if the content is generated by the viewer himself.

For TV makers, adding new services, including Skype is the illustration, also aims to maintain the value of their products in a market where prices are falling fast.

Finally, the main beneficiaries of development of the offer should be Skype and its new owner Microsoft.The software company was criticized for having paid dearly (8.5 billion dollars) the service provider, has everything to gain. Since March, banner ads can be inserted into the video chat. On the big screen, they will be better highlighted! The benefits of Skype may finally take off.

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"The legislation governing the couples and the Labour embarked on a chase. The great divorce reform of 1975 was followed in 1979 by the introduction of fixed term contracts (CDD).

Lawyers are rubbing their hands across the Atlantic. The market for divorces finally woke up after two years of torpor. "They started to leave at the end of 2010, when their numbers had fallen by 24% in 2008 and 57% in 2009, has awarded Linda Lea Viken AFP, the president of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers. It's not just the legal profession to be welcomed in a country that counts normally breaks matrimonial 4.95 per 1000 inhabitants each year. World record is almost two and a half times more than in France. The upswing of the "separations" better expresses the country's economic health.If the Americans dare to part again is that they feel strong enough to face a financially costly operation.

Cheers flexibility, spring's traditional America, its prosperity and its mores, whether contracts of employment or marriage. United States, the standard is ten times change employer in his life, likes to recall former President Bill Clinton. This is much less in Europe.A study of the ad hoc International Labour Office, the German spends an average of 10.7 years in the same company and the French 11.3 years.

More than one in two marriages ends in divorce

For their part the French would they be more mobile in their private lives and in their professional life? That is what the sociologist Jean Viard says: our countrymen remain in their seven years and twelve couples with the same employer, had launched the author of In Praise of mobility, at a conference of parliamentarians UMP shocked by such a revelation . These statistics do were confirmed either by INED, National Institute of Demographic Studies, or by INSEE, the trend is real and underlined.

To judge the divorces in France, it is obviously misleading to report their number (130,601 voted in 2009) to that of marriages in the same year (251,478).And conclude that "more than one in two marriages ends in divorce." This rate of "divorce", a term the Ministry of Justice does not provide information on behavioral changes. Demographers proceed otherwise. They restore, generation after generation, the fate of unions. According to figures provided by France Prioux, a demographer at INED, 30% of marriages registered in 1970 ended in divorce, and this rate has steadily increased. It was 40% for marriages contracted in 1986 and 43% for married year 1992 payday loans with no fax. These projections, we said France Prioux only way to compare the routes, not yet complete, of generations as far as 1970 and 1992.

The side of the job market, things seem less clear.INSEE has just informed us that in 2009, 42.1% of employed persons in the same company for over ten years, all sectors combined (a photograph of the labor market in 2009). With peaks at 50.2% in industry and 57.3% for farmers. The crisis has prompted employees to remain in their company when they have not been dislodged by a "social plan". They were only 41.8% have a tenure exceeding ten years in 2008.

Since the early 1970s, couples and laws governing the Labour Code have embarked on a bizarre chase. The great divorce reform of 1975, establishing the procedure by mutual consent, was followed in 1979, still under the seven-Giscard d'Estaing, the introduction of fixed term contracts (CDD).In 1999, the creation of the PACS (Civil Solidarity Pact) offered a substitute for marriage, including homosexuals. Then the new simplified procedures for divorce in 2004 encouraged Florence Parisot, the president of MEDEF, in 2007 to ask (and get) a "divorce by mutual consent" between the company and the employee. But for now, advantage to love, including leases, more and more temporary, could in future be shorter than the labor contracts.

Ode to mobility

This hymn to mobility also money, third vital point of the triangle. "It is easier to change bank woman, ironically there are still some great banker instead. He stigmatized the administrative complexities inherent in this kind of operation.This is less true since the legal obligation in 2008 to establish a service in each establishment of "mobility aid" to its customers.

As for transport, their progress is measured in kilometers. In 1950, every French walked five kilometers a day, while he performs now 45, likes to emphasize the sociologist Jean Viard. Unfortunately, the ease of such material has to travel daily to more expensive counterpart perverse unprecedented housing in downtown. "There all is order and beauty, luxury, calm and pleasure", but inaccessible to the homeless near ", which should mobilize their time and energy to get to the grind. Should there be one day avoided the elevators in the big cities in order to reintroduce a social mix? In the nineteenth century, the less fortunate living on the upper floors where they climbed on foot. A lesser evil.