500, 700 or 1 trillion? The euro area has an appointment this Friday in Copenhagen for the latest additions to its financial firewall and anti-crisis to its arsenal, while the political fatigue sets in Europe against austerity.

The divisions that have come to light between Paris, Berlin and Brussels on the future size of the bailout fund serious concern to markets, while in bad times, according to the OECD. Thursday, the Milan Stock Exchange fell 3.30%, that of Paris lost 1.43% and the euro retreated to $ 1.32.  

After months of negotiations, the seventeen ministers of finance of the common currency must agree on how the European Stability Mechanism (MES), the permanent emergency fund that will begin to relay the temporary established in 2010 .

The lending capacity of the firewall, initially set at 500 billion, will undoubtedly raised to 700 billion or more through a tardy concession of Germany, the main funder. For their part, the European Commission, IMF, OECD and France, through the voice of Baroin, grow to a figure of around 1 trillion.

Haggling

But setting this ceiling, watched by the markets, is largely theoretical. The ultimate capacity of loans depends on the leverage chosen, from a capital contribution set at 80 billion, for all seventeen countries. It also depends on the timing of national inputs, the speed of repayment of loans and additional committed instant payday loan lenders. In practice, the total actually available would increase from 250 today to 500 billion in the summer of 2014, according to internal documents.

The other unknown in Copenhagen is the estate of Jean-Claude Juncker, for seven years as head of the Eurogroup. The German finance minister, Wolfgang Schäuble, appears as a favorite difficult to unseat. But several factors could delay his consecration. Other seats are vacant at the European Central Bank (ECB), the EBRD (European Bank of Development) and the MES, and the capitals hear bargain their support. In France and Greece, the decisive elections also prohibit release too fast or too openly extra power in Berlin.

Among all these bargains is a reluctance on course to be risks that creep. Except Germans, Europeans impatient with an austerity too severe. Spain is a general strike and Portugal still struggling to finance its debt, despite EU support. Ireland hopes to win the support of the ECB to deal with an immediate deadline. The Netherlands, once model of rigor, in turn sink into an endless government crisis against a backdrop of budget cuts emergency.

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Real Madrid exhibition of frustration. Tense, silent Wednesday night after the draw conceded to Villareal (1-1) bringing the FC Barcelona 6 points behind the leader of La Liga, Real Madrid players (Karim Benzema, Iker Casillas, Sergio Ramos, Jose Mourinho and surrounded Zinedine Zidane) had, early Thursday afternoon, smiling again to unveil a draft of magnitude: "Real Madrid Resort Island." A tourist complex and theme park located in the UAE, in Ras al-Khaimah. Game without borders

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On an artificial island (50 hectares), a marina, hotels and luxury villas, museums, sports facilities including a 10,000-seat stadium will rise up and hope to host in January 2015 from one million visitors a year. A "Real Madridland" (45 minutes from Dubai Airport) estimated at $ 1 billion, which is reminiscent of the Ferrari World theme park located in Abu Dhabi since 2010 letting go of roller coasters, driving simulators

. Between excitement and nervousness

"When Real Madrid Island Resort will open its doors, the visitor will be part of the legend of the best club football history, which seeks to be eternal, universal guaranteed online payday loans. This is a strategic institution in the Middle East and Asia, "summarized Florentino Perez, the president of Spanish club. The Real (480 million budget, 460 for FC Barcelona), sacred richest club in the world for the sixth straight year in 2011 (438.6 million revenue in 2010), club all records on transfers (Cristiano Ronaldo, 94 million euros, Zidane, 77 milllion …), wants to continue to combine with all the time.  

The past is revered through daily visits in the corridors of Santiago Bernabeu, the home club. Besides the exploits of Alfredo Di Stefano, the volley of Zinedine Zidane with the Champions League final in 2002 against the Merengue Leverkusen appears XXL poster. This, to him, found himself between excitement and nervousness (C1 hopes of a tenth and a thirty-second Liga, most recently in 2008), when the future is taking shape. Voted the best club of the twentieth century, Real wants, the year of its centennial, see below, great

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After the Millers last week, it was the turn of the manufacturers of dry dog ​​and cat to be sanctioned by the Competition Authority. In a country of 8 million dogs and 10 million cats, groups Nestle (Purina), March (Royal Canin) and Colgate-Palmolive (Hill's Pet Nutrition) were sentenced to pay 35.3 million euros for cartel with their wholesalers.

According to the sages of the Rue de l'Echelle, Nestle and Mars agreed for five years (2004-2008) with their wholesalers, who then sold their stores croquettes (BHV Jardiland, Leroy Merlin, Truffaut …).

The two market leaders have imposed their resale prices, exclusive territorial or customer, thus limiting competition between them. Royal Canin had already been convicted in 2005 by Constable competition.

As for the subsidiary of Colgate-Palmolive, she has arranged with its veterinary wholesalers to ban the export of its products outside the Hexagon.

If Nestlé and Mars are the most heavily penalized (19 and 11.6 million fine), they nevertheless benefited from reductions of approximately 20% penalty for not contesting the facts. They also set up compliance programs to competition rules. Finally, they reorganized their distribution system and p

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As soon as the telecom regulator (ARCEP) she reiterated that Free Mobile fulfilling its obligations in terms of coverage, the network of the new telephone is again controversial. He knows since Friday morning strong disturbances that affect customer communications. The magnitude of the incident remains unknown, Iliad, the parent of Free, refused to give details. But for France Telecom, under contract to Free Mobile, it would be a "major incident".

Disturbances may be caused by the failure of one of the two "signaling equipment" Free Mobile needed to find the phones.

Orange wants to keep his distance. The incumbent is linked to Free Mobile "a roaming agreement" which allows customers to use the Free Orange network in areas where Free has not yet developed its own coverage. "Free us informed in the late morning of an incident on its network equipment. This incident is in no way related to the contract of homelessness in Orange network, "said a spokesman for France Telecom.

No "quality testing service"

The incident revived the controversy over the quality of service of the fourth mobile operator. Tuesday, Arcep confirmed before an Assembly committee that Free Mobile covered at least 27% of the French population, a regulatory requirement for anyone holding a mobile telephone license. The regulatory authority, however, that it had made "coverage tests" and not "test quality of service."

For other telephone companies, possess Free Mobile Network "cheap" or "empty". They accuse him and his relay off voluntarily and not to develop its infrastructure to rest on those of Orange, better and more extensive. It is estimated that over 90% of calls made by customers Free pass through its network.

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According to the survey (1) conducted by the consulting firm in human resources, business plan for most occupational categories increased by 3% (median) budget increase (collective and individual), against 2.5 % in 2011. The exceptions are the workers (+2.8%) and senior (2.9%). But in any case, it would exceed the average inflation of 1.7% in 2012 by the government.

End of the wage freeze

Two major trends. On the one hand an almost complete disappearance of the wage freeze, a measure widely implemented at the height of the crisis.However, 4% of companies plan to freeze the workers and managers.

In addition, the company forecasts reflected the "sacrosanct" rate increase of 3%, which was applied during the years before the crisis erupted instant payday loan.

In addition, both groups seem to be emerging. First, the majority, has given the 3% salary increase. A second, more prudent, considering between 2.1% and 2.5%.

The survey was conducted between March and mid-July, ie before the great economic and financial events of the summer (crisis in the euro area, downward revision in growth for 2011 and 2012, falling stock markets …), Mercer, again, questioned 142 of the 329 companies in its original sample.

"Eight out of ten believe that these events will bring them to scale back their budgets for salary review.This reduction could be 0.5 point fall. In contrast, companies planning to date, a wage freeze, are still a small minority, said Bruno Rocquemont. In this context, we have to closely follow the mandatory annual negotiations (NAO), which launched just been given in some societies and that will continue into March. "

(1) survey of 329 companies, mostly French subsidiaries of multinational corporations.

Of the places in China, Hong Kong the Hang Seng 1.45% yield while the composite index of Shanghai Stock Exchange rose 0.68% to 1134.65 points. In Seoul, the Kospi index is left in the green, up 0.71% to 1819.14 points after plunging by 4% in early trade. The Stock Exchange of Sydney, in turn, close to equilibrium after a session spent in the red.

Investors remain concerned, however, fearing another recession in the United States and a spillover of the crisis of debt in the eurozone one hour payday loan.The gold and reached new records, crossing first the maximum 1800 dollars. It was worth 1814.50 dollars in the morning before going down to 1785 dollars. Another safe haven, the yen appreciates, and is worth 76.63 dollars, against 76.83 the previous day.

Oil also set off again down in Asia. Yet he had resisted the panic the day before with the announcement of a dramatic and unexpected decline in crude inventories in the United States. In morning trading, a barrel of "light sweet crude" lost 79 cents to 82.10 dollars and that of Brent North Sea fell by 1.10 dollars to 105.58 dollars.

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"When I joined the company, I found that our plants were in a situation of overcapacity. The workers were laid off at 20%. Rather than close the plant, whose vacancy was expensive, we decided to give work to our employees, "said Vincent Gruau.

Social progress

The company at that time in full recovery, putting on sustainable development.From this point of view, the relocation of production is clearly relevant: it is a CO2 saving, and social progress for the company employees who see their jobs secure. It remained to assess the economic impact of such change.

Given the nature of the products Majencia including metal storage boxes – the raw material and transportation were already 80% of their cost. "Our products are heavy and bulky, their price per kg is low. These are typically products that support a hard rising costs of transportation, "said Vincent Gruau.

When energy prices begin to rise, the cost differential production with France rises to 10%. To fill the latter gap is that the direction of the working groups with the workers at its plant in Noyon, in Oise online payday loans.Objective: To identify the stages of manufacture, areas for improvement in productivity, which will relocate in September 2006 in constant costs.

More flexibility

If the primary objective of management was at full capacity to hold one of its French factories, the relocation has had other benefits, this time trading. Besides selling point is that the anchor 100% French, Majencia gained flexibility. No more delays transport 6 to 8 weeks which require to store the items. The manufacturer of office can now provide on demand.

"Our customers are increasingly attentive to the quality of work spaces. They expect from us a custom production that we could not provide China, because we did not master the entire process of production, "says the CEO.While only boxes light gray and dark gray out of their Chinese factories, Majencia now produces small batches to order. "If a customer asks us boxes purple polka dot young, we can provide!".

Since the relocation, 31 positions were created after the finances of the company recovered, from 2009. While production of 30,000 boxes were repatriated in 2006, the additional volume has now more than doubled. With a net increase of 174% in 2010, the company is now profitable, is considering moving to 90,000 in the coming years.

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Officially the project is not stopped.Communication amazing Indians necessarily leads to questions. The target market for these vehicles at very low cost, that is to say less than 3000 dollars, however, is huge. The goal is to put millions of Indians who use two-and three-wheeled rickshaws that the famous Bajaj is one of the leaders in the car.

Difficulties for the Nano

But the economic model is not easy to find, as shown by the difficulties encountered by the Tata Nano, the pioneer of its kind launched in 2008. Tata has indeed had to increase the price of the Nano several times since its launch. Today it is sold at a price of about $ 4,000 against $ 2,500 at the presentation of the project. In addition, the model has undergone a number of technical problems, which has dented its image among consumers. Result: sales prove disappointing.At June 30, less than 22,000 had been passed Nano on the previous twelve months. Far from the target of 250,000 vehicles in stride.

To compete with the Nano is that Renault and Nissan sign an agreement with Bajaj in 2007. Bajaj should design the vehicle, which will be sold by Renault and Nissan. The first date given for such marketing is in 2010. It then slides to 2011 and 2012. Yet this is a purely theoretical date, since the decision to launch this vehicle has never been officially made. And nothing says it will be taken, especially after the delay yesterday. It would not be the first disappointment for Renault in India. In April 2010, the group had in fact ended a joint venture with Mahindra & Mahindra, which produced, with little success, Logan. These difficulties do not however call into question the ambitions of Renault in India.The Diamond brand has even made one of its three priority countries in development. It has a factory in Chennai, which already manufactures the Nissan Micra. And introduced an aggressive new product launches. For a month, the Fluence sedan is marketed. The Koleos 4 × 4 will follow in September. And announcements are expected for the new salon in New Delhi, to be held next January.

According to the draft filed Friday with the U.S. authorities of the Exchange, the company plans to raise $ 1 billion. It already has shareholders including Mark Pincus, CEO and founder (16%), Kleiner Perkins funds (11%) and Institutional Venture Partners (6.1%), Russian DST also present in Facebook and Groupon (5.8 %) or Reid Hoffman, co-founder of LinkedIn. Only part of the capital would be put on the market. The document does not specify the timing or the valuation of the company.Its shares traded, however, already on the gray market at a valuation of $ 20 billion. Other estimates place it at $ 15 billion.

A destiny linked to Facebook

Therefore, these amounts bet on the growth of highly profitable business model. Zynga pulls up the majority of its revenue from the sale of virtual goods, while just over 5% comes from advertising. In 2010 it sold its games for $ 839 million of tractors and apple virtual pixels. The turnover of the editor, who must pay back a 30% commission to Facebook for hosting games and payment management through its Facebook Credits, reached $ 598 million.Its net income totaled $ 90.6 million for the year.

The rise of social networking takes Zynga and sales: in the first quarter of 2011, it jumped 133% to account for 235.5 million dollars in revenue. Some analysts place and the turnover of the company in 2011 to nearly $ 1.5 billion.

But this success Zynga is intrinsically linked to that of Facebook. "If we fail to maintain a good relationship with Facebook, our business will suffer," admits the company. A change of terms and conditions of alienation or social network users to the site and will impact directly the activity of Zynga. Another challenge for start-up: it must successfully implement its business model to success in the mobile, from which a growing number of users connecting to Facebook.Finally, the majority of revenue is generated by Zynga a few games. To sustain and develop its income, the publisher could therefore benefit from its IPO to buy competitors. The company already has $ 995 million in cash.

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Strongly contested by the opposition and discussed in the majority, sending checks every year to the wealthiest taxpayers had come to interfere with government. In 2010, a total of 678 million euros that the state has returned to the beneficiaries of this measure, a figure slightly higher than in 2009 (EUR 586 million). Especially, like last year, is only a small fraction of some 592,000 taxpayers subject to the ISF who earned the largest amounts recovered.If the amount of average check totaled 40,908 euros, the richest 7% received 60% of the amount paid, or 381,000 euros on average.

To the dismay of Socialist deputies, the government's plan, however, does not remove the tax shield that from 2012 on taxes paid on income in 2011. According to the deputy PS Jerome Cahuzac, the measure should thus continue to cost the public finances 550 million Euros in 2012 and 200 million in 2013.

Relief ISF

The elimination of this symbolic mandate Nicolas Sarkozy also fits into the context of a broader reform of the taxation of wealth, the members approved each measure in recent days. To parliamentarians, the Minister of Budget, Baroin, endeavored to describe the philosophy of combining text as "social justice" (the end of the tax shield) and "tax justice" (relief ISF)."The government is a simple reform, fair and balanced" has said repeatedly this week Baroin.

On Friday, the parliamentarians approved a reform of the solidarity tax on wealth (ISF), which raises € 800,000 to 1.3 million euros threshold of assets at which a taxpayer is taxable to the ISF. Approximately 300,000 people should therefore be exempt from this tax next year. The current rate also eased: below three million, the tax rate increased from 0.55% to 0.25% when it is lowered to 0.5% instead of 1.8 % above. Overall, 250,000 taxpayers should therefore pay less. This reform will result in a revenue decline of 1.8 billion euros.

A shortfall that is projected by the government, be offset by the elimination of the tax shield, the higher taxes on gifts and estates, and the new tax on second homes of strangers, sitting on their rental value. In total, the projected deficit for 2011 however, increases of 596 million euros, 460 million due to payments associated with the Taiwan frigates affair. Remain a little over 130 million bridge to return to the original projected deficit. Baroin promised by the end of the year new savings measures to achieve this.

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