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For Christine Lagarde at the Ministry of Finance, Dominique Strauss-Kahn as IMF, Jean-Claude Trichet at the ECB (European Central Bank), confidence is at an appointment. The results of stress tests, tests of resistance of 91 European banks (including four French *) in an economic environment deteriorated, which will be announced Friday, will be good. Rumors even show a successful Franco-Belgian Dexia and the Belgian KBC, however fragile, in this review.

A view shared by Michael Emmanuel Thuy Munis and Hassim, respectively partner and manager of the consulting firm NPT Consultants specializes in the banking and insurance.

Lefigaro.fr / jdf.com – French banks (NBP Paribas, Societe Generale, Credit Agricole and Natixis) Will they pass the exam?

Without a doubt! These stress tests are a bit like the Bachelor: almost everyone will have it in Europe, which makes him lose credibility. In fact, the findings of these tests of resistance will not argue not much. What to watch, what are the assumptions.

Which are these assumptions?

Assumptions on growth, unemployment, inflation and real estate are set by the Bank of France. There are two scenarios: one optimistic and one pessimistic. For example, last year, the first was zero growth and the second a recession of 2.5%.

From a standpoint of the bank as a company, the exercise was to downgrade by one notch rating default probability given to each level of the portfolio of the bank.

For example, if a risk of default is currently 2, the bank simulates a situation where the risk is rated 4. All branches of the portfolio and are staggered. On seeing the situation deteriorate and in its asset portfolio, the bank must protect themselves against-some of these risks and increase its mass of capital and liquidity to cope with any difficulties. This is also the challenge of the recommendations of Basel III, currently in talks.

These assumptions pose any real conditions of a major economic crisis?

The assumptions and asked did not reflect the reality of a major shock No fax cash loans. They lay the groundwork for a gradual and slow recovery, but do not take into account the possibility of a relapse into recession, for example (the famous "double-dip").

Neither of the possible restructuring of the debt of a country of weight outside the EU. As Russia. While in Europe, as was the case with Greece, for example, member states have shown they would join forces in order not to leave one of his bankruptcy, what will happen if Russia had to reschedule its debt? We can not know, but the situation would be catastrophic.

What are the political success of these stress tests?

There is a little over a year, the U.S. findings were providing stress testing of 19 banks very good (only two have failed), which had been boosted confidence in the U.S. banking system after the blow of Lehman Brothers, which filed for bankruptcy in September 2008.And after that 10% of U.S. institutions bancires put the key under the door!

European markets also need to be reassured, and policies have any interest.Ultimately, these stress tests are different goal in mind that European governments are behind their banks.

French banks can they go bankrupt?

In France, BNP Paribas, Societe Generale and Credit Agricole, which spans international, will never be dropped by the French state, because the consequences of a failure of one of these institutions are unimaginable, especially in terms of employment.

If they had to go through another very difficult phase, the state will play its role of lender of last resort, even though the price of a huge debt.

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* BNP Paribas, Societe Generale, Credit Agricole and Natixis.

Payday loan online has been a sort of sanctuary for millions who have discovered that by merely leveraging your income after lender verification, you can receive short term relief financially, and from actual related stresses.

From our special correspondent in Toronto.

Whatever the fans of austerity, the G20 Toronto has not been that of rigor. On the form, the exorbitant cost of the summit – 1.2 billion Canadian dollars, or 900 million Euro-shows that developed countries like Canada, still have strong reservations to spend public money to do their self-promotion. On the merits, the U.S. calls for further spending in the short term have been heard, even if Barack Obama had a hard time leaving scope for "recovery" in the final communique.

"We need to let it work through our plans for fiscal stimulus to consolidate the recovery," said the G20."Adjustments in the largest simultaneous countries could undermine the recovery," said the statement, which also bears the imprint of major emerging countries (China, India, Brazil, Russia).

Budgetary discipline

Pessimistic about the recovery, deemed "fragile and uneven, very worried about the" rate of unemployment reached unacceptable levels in certain countries, "the G20 always gives priority to growth. "Although Mrs Merkel has agreed to make more growth!" Says Nicolas Sarkozy.

For the first time, however, the virtues of fiscal restraint is recognized at the highest level."Sound public finances are essential to sustain the recovery, giving some leeway in case of a new shock, and avoid leaving future generations a legacy of deficits and debt" indicates the G20.

A commitment risk

But beware of plans rigor rushed! The G20 did not advocate austerity at all stages payday loans for self employed. "Fiscal adjustment needs to be carefully calibrated to support private demand," it said. "The consolidation measures should be phased in over time, growth, and differentiated according to country."

Angela Merkel welcomes the significant progress: the G20 endorsed the objectives of deficits and debt, modeled on the European Stability Pact, sanctions and less.The G20 developed countries commit to reduce their deficit in half by 2013 and to stabilize their debt to GDP by 2016. He was a Canadian proposal, which the first Prime Minister Stephen Harper to declare victory, after a summit a small scale.

But this commitment amounted G20 does not fear large world. The European Union should achieve this goal without problems, ensures José Manuel Barroso. France has already pledged to reduce its deficit 8% today to 3% in 2013. As the United States, they feel just referred.In its letter to its partners in the G20 to warn them against the rigors, Barack Obama has renewed its commitment to reducing the U.S. budget deficit by half in 2013 to return to deficits of 3% in 2015.

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The group Danone announced Friday the signing of an agreement for the acquisition of Medical Nutrition (NMI), an American company specializing in nutritional supplements for people under medical supervision.

The agreement provides that Danone will pay in cash approximately $ 62 million (51 million) to shareholders of MNI to acquire 100% of the group, Danone said in a statement.

The board of directors of American society has unanimously approved the merger, the CEO Frank A. Newman called "a tremendous opportunity for consumers, employees and shareholders of MNI.

Complementary products

The statement said the "strong complementarities" the two companies "in terms of product lines and distribution channels."Those would cater for the NMI especially the elderly, while those of Nutricia subsidiary of Danone, are primarily intended for infants.

NMI has recorded a turnover of 16 million dollars for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2010, multiplied by ten in seven years. Its activities will be integrated into medical nutrition division of Danone, which last year generated in North America 70 million dollars. Danone considers medical nutrition as "the most attractive category of food."

A year after the VAT reduction in catering, where are the conservators of commitments with the government? In the context of reduced public expenditure, where the measure put in place by 1 July 2009 is being challenged for its cost – about 3 billion euros – one of the main unions of restaurant firmly defends the record of restorers.

On the lower prices promised the advance Synhorcat containing figures from INSEE, reduced by 1.7% in prices. Far, indeed, the 3% promised at the signing of the contract establishing the future VAT at 5.5%. But better than the forecasts of the Secretary of State for Trade, Herve Novelli, who requested last December restaurants to limit their price increases, given the economic crisis, the level of inflation.

A decline also practiced mainly by large chains, which have clearly made this issue a sales and communication. Today Synhorcat not hesitate to praise the French restaurant as "cheap": "80% of meals in France costs less than 15 euros," he said beforehand. Not sure the French, whose purchasing power remains a major concern, hear it that way.

An agreement "historic" on wages

On the employment front, too, success is not free No teletrack payday loans. While restaurant owners had agreed, in consideration of the reduction in VAT, to create 20,000 permanent jobs and 20,000 contracts for professional learning or within 2 years, Synhorcat announces that for the moment creations 5700 jobs.The objective, however, seemed difficult to achieve in terms of economic conditions.

The only real success of the VAT reduction: the agreement on wage conditions in the restaurant, described as "historic" by Hervé Novelli. "We are hiring today with a salary 25% above the law", welcomes the Synhorcat. Wages have indeed been reassessed 5% when the non-frames increases leveled averaged 1.1% in 2009. A mutual health has been created, and employees receive an annual bonus equivalent to 2% of their annual salary, capped at 500 euros.

Employees are however not the only benefit from the reduction of VAT in 2009, the catering market has indeed registered a positive growth, and an estimated turnover of 72.5 billion euros, posting also Synhorcat.

The issue of credit to households debate. Several elected UMP party and elected socialists, among others, had submitted amendments to replace the National Register of incidents repayment of loans to individuals, thus creating a "positive file, listing all the credits for individuals. Finally, the Minister of Economy has decided and opted for the establishment "within 12 months" of an "instance of foreshadowing. "I'm for a tool that works," said Minister of Economy to the deputies when examining the draft law on consumer credit. We must create an instance of foreshadowing because it does not happen overnight a quantum leap of this nature to pass the file in incidents of payment to a general inventory of 9 million people, "argued Christine Lagarde .

"Coaster"

If UMP deputies, who withdrew their amendments for the creation of "positive file, were satisfied with this compromise, however, the SP, we speak of" coaster ". "Whenever you have a problem, you create a working group. The string is a little big. Your speech does not convince us, "said Socialist Jean Gaubert empire payday loans. The same goes towards his colleague, Francis Brott. "The majority is thus the choice of banks against consumer choice," he says. Today is a first class burial of "positive file, '" he said. The Socialist amendment was then rejected.

The government has introduced and passed a new amendment which stipulates that the creation of a "national registry of credits for individuals" is the subject of a report submitted to the Government and Parliament within twelve months, " developed by a committee to prefigure this development "and whose composition will be fixed by decree.

This debate on the "positive file" was held under the bill reforming the consumer credit which aims to reduce abuse by better protecting consumers and imposing new obligations on lenders.

Members will vote by formal vote Tuesday, April 27.

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Tereos (Beghin-Say, The Parrot), second European sugar, wants to empower his ambition of becoming a major player in ethanol, a very strong market growth worldwide.

The cooperative group, obtained in 2002 from the merger of Beghin-Say and Union SDA, announced Monday the creation of a new subsidiary, Tereos Internacional, which will consolidate its processing of cereals and sugar cane, including participation in Guarani (69%), its Brazilian subsidiary. Tereos Internacional is a Brazilian company, but she expects to be listed in Paris and Sao Paulo and raise money on both platforms. In Paris, he was one of the few operations IPO since the start of the financial crisis. "This dual listing aims to strengthen the international anchors the group" welcomes Philippe Duval, CEO of Tereos.Part of the operation will be reserved for its 12000associ?s cooperators. Tereos, advised by Rothschild and the firm Linklaters, will remain the majority shareholder. The parent retains its status Tereos cooperative is refocusing on its roots, beet processing in Europe (France, Czech Republic, Spain).One area in which the maneuvers have already taken place.

"Scaling"

The creation of a subsidiary consolidate its transformation is the result of a diversification strategy initiated fifteen years ago both in its products (starch, alcohol, ethanol, energy) as its geographical coverage (Europe, Brazil , Indian Ocean) cheap payday advance.

Tereos Internacional, which counts among its clients manufacturers like Coca-Cola, Kraft Foods and Unilever, will become a "world leader" of bioenergy and food with an annual turnover of 1.86 billion initial d ' euros. In the crosshairs of the group, emerging markets, where the potential for long-term growth markets of sugar, starch and ethanol, has something to dream about.After more than doubled since 2003, global consumption of ethanol, led by Brazil and the United States, is expected to double again by 2015.

In Brazil, the largest producer of sugar, Tereos inherited two plants Guarani upon redemption of Beghin-Say. Since then, four plants were built, making the fourth Guarani sugar in the country and number five in the production of ethanol. "We see a huge change of scale in this country," notes Philippe Duval. There, more and more cars run on ethanol. Groups such as Dreyfus and Shell, combined with Brazilian producer Cosan biofuels, broke into the country, encouraging Tereos to accelerate its development and to participate in industry consolidation.Elsewhere, particularly in Asia, the consumption of starch, which should increase by 50% by 2015.

Engaged in an active policy of acquisitions, the latest being that of sugar in the French Quarter Meeting, Tereos cautiously advance his pawns. In less than ten years, its turnover has doubled. And the president has not hidden at the beginning want to double in size within five years.

EDF Energies Nouvelles, a 50% subsidiary of EDF, announced Friday in a statement, the cancellation of a contract to sell electricity to the United States. It Enxco its U.S. subsidiary has received its customer Indiana Power and Light (IPL) the cancellation notification on the proposed wind farm in Lakefield is currently under development in southwestern Minnesota.

EDF Energies Nouvelles, specializing in green energy, said IPL has decided to unilaterally terminate the contract without giving reasons while the latter had received January 27, 2010 the agreement of local authorities for its implementation.

Enxco studying the possible remarketing of the project from other companies and "the best way to assert his rights and prejudice"

The construction of this wind farm had not yet begun.EDF Energies Nouvelles ensures that this announcement will not affect its operational objective in 2012 nor his 2010 target EBITDA.

"EDF EN: annual results still very strong

What are the criteria of recruiters when they hire graduates of business schools? For three years, Ifop conducting the investigation (1) to store test common gateway, which allows to integrate 16 business schools (2) without going through the box preparation.

The 2009 study confirms the trends of previous years. First, companies are extremely interested in training followed, before joining the high school: 70% say they do. These are the BTS prevail handily. Recruiters landslide this training to 27% before the preparatory classes (22%) and masters (11%). An element to be directly related to the fact that employers prefer, in their review of CV, internships and work experience (95%).

The study also shows that companies want diversity.79% of them say they have developed a specific recruitment policy for at least one class of graduates from diversity. Thus, 68% of recruiters do for people with disabilities, a population for which firms are subject to legal obligations, coupled with financial penalties. This is not the case for lower social classes and ethnic minority populations where respectively 31 and 26% of recruiters have developed a specific one hour payday loan .

Ultimately, 43% of recruiters believe that the profiles of the major schools are not sufficiently diversified. It is clear that the companies held, inter alia, employ 6% of people with disabilities are very rare to get to that proportion. The staffing shortage. It is for colleges to act early.With observation, Grenoble School of Management has just put up a post tray support for people with disabilities. His sisters of the bank tests Gateway should follow suit.

(1) Survey Center Gateway / Ifop conducted in October 2009 with 802 pupils and students, and HR 202, HR managers and recruitment companies working in more than 50 employees.

(2) Advancia Paris, Normandy EM, EM Strasbourg, ESC Amiens Picardie, ESC Bretagne Brest ESC Chamb?ry Savoie, ESC Clermont, ESC Dijon, ESC Grenoble, ESC La Rochelle, Montpellier ESC, ESC Pau, ESC Rennes, ESC Saint-Etienne , ESC Troyes Negocia Paris.

A first head of the FAO. He is a farmer and not least because it is the Vendee Guyau Luke, who was elected President of the United Nations Food and Agriculture. Currently a number of French Chambers of Agriculture (APCA), Luc Guyau gathered yesterday evening in Rome, 75 votes against 69 in Columbia Victor Charles Heard. The former president of the French Agricultural majority union, the FNSEA will tandem with Jacques Diouf, the current Director General of FAO. "By electing a farmer, the 190 member countries have expressed their gratitude to this profession that helps ensure a sufficient food supply and, thereby, the challenge of global food security," estimated the After the vote, Marie Besson, spokesman for the APCA. The challenge for Luke Guyau at FAO is huge while the number of hungry continues to grow.The organization does indeed more targets to reduce that number that exceeds a billion people.

"No numerical target for reducing world hunger

The Strategic Investment Fund (ISF), the SWF lights, preparing to take forward a 20% stake of Avanquest Software, a French manufacturer of consumer software is also present in the professional sector with products shipped in the mobile phones. Avantquest Software is ranked ninth among ISVs lights.

In a statement released Wednesday, Avanquest indicates that the ISP will inject 6 million euros through a capital increase that will be conducted in early 2010. The capital increase Avanquest should be a total of 8 to 9 million euros, with retention of preferential subscription rights.Taking as reference the Group's market capitalization at the close Tuesday, the ISP would hold at the end of the transaction, approximately 12% of capital Avanquest.

Meanwhile, the Strategic Fund will acquire 3 million euros in convertible bonds issued by the software publisher. The ISP also expressed readiness to participate in a "future fund raising, once a major project of external growth would, for a total investment of the two transactions exceeding 20 million euros. This second operation would be, if, before March 31, 2011, the participation of ISPs are capped at 20%.

Avanquest has already completed a capital increase in March

The ISP had set the tone earlier this year by partnering with the French association of software publishers (Afdel).The fund, whose capital is owned 51% by the Deposit and 49% by the French state has already chosen other targets in software publishing. He announced his entry with Cegedim, a specialist in customer relations for the pharmaceutical industry in which it would inject 117 million euros. But while health Cegedim is flourishing, that Avanquest is more delicate.

The company co-founded in 1984 by Bruno Van Ryb has changed in size in two major acquisitions in 2007. Avanquest has indeed swallowed Nova Development in the United States and Emme in Europe, which enabled him to climb the third step of the podium European consumer software.But last year, the company saw its sales fall by 10.6% to 104.1 million euros and has posted losses for the second time.

Last March, Avanquest, which has cut its workforce, conducted a capital increase of 7 million euros during which Oddo Asset Management has gone to join other investors (Turenne Capital, OTC Asset Management, After Flora, IDI Edmond de Rothschild Investment Partners and AGF Private Equity). The ISP should become the largest shareholder of the company while employees and managers 17.3% of total capital Avanquest.