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1040 new aircraft worth $ 145 billion. This, according to the latest Airbus market research, the need for airlines in India in the next twenty years. Of these, the vast majority of planes (860) will be ordered to meet the growth in air traffic – to + 7.2% per year, it is already growing faster than the average in Asia (5.9%) . In total, the current fleet will more than triple to 1080 devices.

According to Airbus, the airline purchases will be predominantly (646 copies) on medium-haul aircraft type A320 and A320 Neo (version remotorisée). It to meet soaring domestic traffic should move quickly on a rate of 10% per year, which will make India one of the strongest markets in the world. The European manufacturer estimates that the market for 308 long-haul A350-type and 66 copies of the ultra-high capacity aircraft type A380.

Two giant orders

Airbus hopes to win a beautiful place in this promising market. Already, the European manufacturer claims "70% market share of new orders," his "ambition is to retain its leadership in the Indian market." To support its strategy to win business, Airbus has established local partnerships for forty years. It is manufactured locally A320 passenger doors, his best-seller. It is also recruiting Indian engineers in its Engineering Center opened in 2006 in Bangalore. The manufacturer employs 270 in total and has to hire another 180 by 2014.

Airbus' strategy has paid off. In 2011, the manufacturer has scored a major coup by winning two giant commands from Indigo (180 A 320 150 of Neo) and Go Air have ordered that, between them, 252 units.

Two threats

But the clouds on the horizon. On the one hand by the poor health of major customers such as local Kingfisher.Depuis his birth in 2005, the company has never made any money – it lost $ 90 million in the third quarter of fiscal year – and has accumulated a debt of $ 1.3 billion. Kingfisher international flights still canceled Wednesday, postponed delivery in 2014 of A 380 and ordered it does not exclude cancellations. In total, current orders are of 32 A320s, 20 A330 long-haul, long haul lonq five A350s and five A380 super-jumbo. The company promises tonight released a recovery plan within two to three days.  

Moreover, the implementation of the carbon tax by the European Union in January, also poses a threat to aircraft orders. Just as Beijing has frozen the purchase of 45 Airbus A 380, including 10 of its airlines, New Delhi is opposed to this tax. India may decide to retaliate. It threatens to bar its airlines to fly to Europe.

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Since last summer, bank credit has become scarce for local elected officials. New regulations have made loans to local banks for less advantageous, when Dexia, their traditional bank, plunged. So it is impossible for municipalities, counties and regions to find in private schools 16 to 18 billion in loans they need each year to finance their investments. Aware of the danger, the government called the Deposit to the rescue. Twice, in late 2011 and early 2012, the Fund has allocated credit of 5 billion euros.

But if the fire was extinguished in the short term, elected officials are worried about post-2012. They look for alternative sources of funding. The use of bond markets is limited to major cities and regions. Quite expensive and reserved for communities heavily populated, borrowing from the people is not ideal. Hence the idea, supported by associations of elected officials since September, to create an agency of local government financing, which could provide 25% of their funding. She would borrow on financial markets and then offer loans to member communities. With this system, small communities would have access to the bond market.

But in a report requested by the Parliament, the government is wary shows the feasibility of such an agency. The report doubts that the structure can be rated AAA or even AA +, as expected by local officials. The state itself has lost its triple A!

Risk of debt

Furthermore, "the device does not yet appear likely to develop a truly autonomous structure and without government guarantee," the report said. But the state itself in debt, does not consider such a bond. Moreover, the structure will have significant equity. The equity will be provided by local, that may … have to go into debt to provide money destined to be blocked.

Anyway, the Minister for local government, Philippe Richert, believes that the Agency is not required. Local councilors, who were attached to the agency, probably will challenge this analysis.

Questions … Philippe Richert, minister for local government.

Funding for communities been secured for 2012?

Yes. Private banks are committed to providing just under 11 billion in loans. The new public bank, Dexia replacing, should provide 2 billion from the summer. To the join, the government asked the Caisse des Depots (CDC) to release $ 5 billion. An initial budget of 2 billion will be available until late March. In total, the account will be there.

But the CDC can not put out the fires forever

.

From 2013, we no longer need to resort to the CDC. Indeed, the public bank will rise in power. I think she may grant 4 billion of loans in 2013.

The funding agency will she need?

Local elected officials want to create an agency that would borrow on their behalf in the bond markets. In principle, this is a good idea. But the establishment of this agency, as it is now conceived, is problematic. This type of structure exists in Northern Europe. But in these countries, communities have more resources and are much less numerous, there is not 36,000 municipalities. The situation is not comparable. In the immediate future, it is better to focus on the new public bank.

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For Pierre Chappaz, running a business is like managing a football team. "The coach sets the overall strategy, recruiting players, helping them to play as a team, while respecting their strong personalities," says the entrepreneur known for having co-founded Kelkoo. This is why Wikio, the company he founded in 2006 and renamed Ebuzzing meanwhile, made nine mergers and acquisitions since its inception.

Combines the latest in Ebuzzing BeeAd, the advertising agency specializing in online video, created by the founders of the music download site Beezik. When he met them, Pierre Chappaz was "immediately said, if these players could join our team, we would be able to win the European Cup," he writes on his blog.

Ebuzzing now specializes in communication on social networks – an analysis of conversations in the diffusion of video advertising – fabric and its offer of a new advertising format. BeeAd indeed offers users to watch a video ad to access media content. This model was initially tested on the platform Beezik, which allows downloading music for free provided you have clicked on a video advertising. "This will provide a complete solution of video and social networks to advertisers," said Bertrand Quesada, CEO and cofounder of Ebuzzing.

40 million

"We were approached by many groups for a takeover, but we wanted to keep moving. We had enough cash in reserve and good technological edge, said Jean Canzoneri, CEO and cofounder of BeeAd. Building on Ebuzzing, we opted for speed. "BeeAd will indeed be launched internationally through the network group Ebuzzing. Mid-April, the offer should be marketed in Italy, Germany, Spain and the UK.

To satisfy both parties, the transaction – the amount has not been revealed – based "largely on a share exchange," says Bertrand Quesada. BeeAd leaders become "shareholders and associates" of Ebuzzing. The system should generate 40 million euros in turnover in 2012 and doubled in a year. And that, not including revenue could be generated internationally by BeeAd. This expansion will be accompanied by 30 to 50 recruits. They will add to the 200 people working at Ebuzzing and 40 employees Beezik.

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What assurance kilometer?

For this formula the insurance premium paid by the insured depends on the actual mileage each year. Unlike traditional insurance providing "small" and "large" rollers in the same way, the insurance km fits the real needs of the driver's insurance.

This is the only difference from a conventional insurance. Otherwise, the proposed safeguards are strictly the same with or without this formula. Liability, all risks formulas, bonus / malus … nothing changes.

Insurance kilometer may interest all those who drive around with their vehicles. It may, for example using mostly urban public transport, the elderly, young drivers …. But also own several vehicles, some of which are little used, such as campers or collector vehicles.  

In practice, it is interesting for vehicles that travel less than 8000 km per year. At comparable guarantees, insurance kilometer can then save up to 30% on contributions (15% on average).

Auto insurance in package

For this type of auto insurance, the insured and the insurer agree on an annual mileage not to exceed. To verify its use, the meter of the vehicle is controlled at the time of contract execution, and annually thereafter. He is also in case of emergencies and some companies even provide for random checks cash till payday.

For exceeding the package, the insured pays a penalty. It can be fixed or depend on the number of additional kilometers performed.  

Conversely, if the package is not reached, some insurance contracts provide for reimbursement of the overpayment or deferral of kilometers of unused quota the following year.

Auto insurance "pay as you drive" (pay as you roll)

It is the insurance per kilometer in the fullest sense. The insured is actually charged according to the exact number of miles it performs in the year the vehicle is in this case equipped with a GPS unit, whose pose can be paid or free.

Some insurers not only modulate the rates based on mileage, but also driving conditions. Thus, when driving at night, on weekends or in urban areas for example, rates are adjusted accordingly.

Note: Some insurance companies offer both the "pay as you drive" and the package. At the insured to choose the most suitable according to its "consumption" (regular or subject to strong variations from one year to another and even from month to month).

SERVICE:

"Make several comparative auto insurance quotes and contact auto insurance brokers specializing in these formulas.

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The surprises could affect 100,000 to 200,000 homes. According to Le Parisien-Aujourd'hui en France, households may not be taxed so far include paying the income tax this year. The head is the second austerity plan announced by the government last November and froze the tax scale.

Previously, the tax brackets, which forms the basis for taxation, were reviewed annually to reflect inflation increases the cost of living. By freezing for at least two years tax brackets, all persons whose incomes rose in 2011 could potentially be affected by the reform if they are left with taxable income greater than 5963 euros, the threshold first tranche of 5.5%. For the government, the money will have to pay these homes will be relatively low because the IRS does not claim the tax payment when it is less than 61 euros. Le Parisien-Aujourd'hui en France underlines that the sudden imposition could have more serious consequences for households as much aid as those granted to the school canteen and transport are related to the absence of taxation. Some families might therefore lose those benefits.

Changing slice

Another mechanical effect of freezing the scale, other households may already taxed, them, cross the threshold of the top tax bracket and thus having to pay more. This extra tax is not yet visible on the view that taxpayers received early this year to pay the first third. The surprises will come in September, when paying the balance. According to calculations of national union unified tax (Snui) quoted by the newspaper, the increases will be spread from 1.17% for a wealthy couple with no children at 12.57% for a single. The government expects in any case additional EUR 1.7 billion of tax revenue for 2012 and double that for 2013.

Finally, the richer will also be affected, because the scale of the solidarity tax on wealth (ISF) has also been frozen. The government expects 44 million of additional wealth tax in 2012 and 88 million more in 2013.

* The normal situation after indexing takes into account an inflation rate estimated at 2.1% in 2011.

LE FIGARO. – Despite the progress of the Brussels summit in Cannes and G20, the euro area is still in turmoil. What is the right long-term EU strategy to ward off these attacks on the euro?

Edouard Balladur. – Efforts by the Franco-German cooperation is commendable, but it must go further. The Europe of 27 is too broad and diverse, it is little more than a big market for the euro area, it has a single currency, but it is struggling to make quick decisions and does not have a policy exchange decided by a governmental authority. For twenty years, I defend an organization of Europe by combining circles States according to the skills shared. It is urgent to implement and begin to better organize the euro area.If the ECB was implementing this massive deterrence, speculation would fall and we would cease to move from crisis to crisis paydayloan.

The Germans did not they always raised an objection of inadmissibility outright the idea?

Do they have a reasonable expectation of it together without the 2 trillion dollars that would discourage speculation? Why is opposed to the expanded role of the ECB? The fear of inflation? The risk is much less in a world of globalization based on a competition that lowers prices.

Some defend the "other policy" and openly talk about protectionism. This crisis gives them she right?

On the contrary, it gives them wrong. History has decided: to maintain our role in the world, defend the ability of our business, secure our energy, we need to reduce deficits.

At six months of the presidential election, the site of the EPR at Flamanville (Manche) has become the symbol of the debate on the future of nuclear power in France. The sector lights atomic defends tooth and nail so the continued construction of the first Generation III reactor (with a capacity of 1650 megawatts) on French soil. And she just won a first round: Monday, François Hollande, spoke to the chagrin of his potential allies, the Greens for the continuation of the project.

Stop Flamanville, it would stop dead "every effort of the industrial fabric, with over 170 suppliers in France and around the world work for this project," argued Thursday on site Machenaud Hervé, director of production and engineering of EDF.Its CEO, Henri Proglio, went further Thursday in Le Parisien, amounting to 400,000 direct and indirect jobs, and even 1 million taking into account the energy-intensive industries and promoted by the current low prices in France, the issue of a shutdown of nuclear power in France online cash advance. A "red flag" which has also incurred the wrath of the Greens.

Proudly displayed

For the sector, the challenge is to convince both safety and economic feasibility of the EPR. "We are building a completely safe reactor, which not only incorporates the feedback from the entire fleet (58 to 19 power reactors) but also has the amenities that were lacking in Fukushima," says Hervé Machenaud. It specifically targets the "ashtray"-installation capable of recovering the heart of the fusion reactor in case of puncture of the tank-and four buildings housing the safety relief devices.

Moody's brandishing the sword of Damocles. The rating agency, which last week confirmed the AAA rating of the French debt, is now planning to revise its position on the "stable" outlook for this post. "Over the next three months, Moody's will monitor and evaluate this perspective in the light of progress made by the government to implement the measures announced to reduce the budget deficit," she says in a statement.

If the prospect should be revised to "negative", this would imply that Moody's would likely lower the rating over the medium term, most often at a maturity of three to twelve months.And France would become the new big country, after the United States to lose its prestigious rating that allows it to borrow on the current market conditions very favorable.

A budget supervision

In reaching its decision, Moody's analyze the ability of the French government to meet its budget commitments. She stressed that if the financial strength of the French government remains very high, it "has weakened since the economic and financial crisis worldwide has led to a deterioration in its debt ratios, which are now among the lowest in AAA-rated. "In addition, "France could face a number of challenges in the coming months, such as the need for additional support to other European countries or its own banking system, which could increase significant commitments that must support the country's budget. " The remark came just after the adoption by the members of the guarantees provided by the French in the process of dismantling the Franco-Belgian bank Dexia.

Moody's said that this review is part of its annual financial statements for France and it is not yet a decision on the rating of the country. But after this warning, the marathon budget to the Assembly for consideration of the budget 2012, which begins on Tuesday, should be closely watched.France 2 last night, Prime Minister Francois Fillon warned it would take "new measures" austerity if France did not record a "minimal growth of 1.5%" in 2012 because the proposed budget is "built on a projected 1.75% growth, but it works with a minimal growth of 1.5%."

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Christine Lagarde sounded the call to order. The Director of the International Monetary Fund, speaking on Thursday, a week before a meeting of its 187 Member States in Washington, has directly addressed to world leaders that "procrastination" and "policy failures" resulting , led to the establishment of a "vicious circle" that affects all economies.

The director of the institution states that "the weak growth and fragile balance sheets, those States, financial institutions and households, reinforce one another, fueling the crisis of confidence and slow demand, investment and job creation. " For Christine Lagarde, "there is too much debt in the system.The uncertainties in the States in all advanced economies, the banks in Europe and on households in the United States. "

To "common front"

Since this vicious circle "is gaining momentum," the IMF said that "the time is not the withdrawal, to halftone or palliative No teletrack payday loans." One solution can work: the "common front". More alarming than ever, Christine Lagarde warned that "if the developed countries fall into recession, emerging markets will not be spared. In fact nobody will. "

Wednesday already, Christine Lagarde called for the establishment of a "collective action, immediate and bold." She asked especially to countries that have the fiscal space to support growth. "My role is to ensure that this call to action is heard. I can not believe that governments do not share my opinion, "she explained.He added that "countries have an incentive to act collectively in the interest of the economy."

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