These costs are estimated at 51 million euros. So says a letter sent by the National Federation of the commercial aviation (fname) – which includes trade unions of air transport – the Department of Ecology.This letter was sent "in early August," said Jean-Pierre Le Goff, the managing director of the fname, who came on Saturday to confirm the information Parisien / Today in France payday advance.

French companies demanding repayment of 51 million euros. Such government action "is important to recognize the exceptional mobilization of air carriers and their contributions, and is also economically important for companies still in the midst of the crisis," said the official.

For now, no reply to that letter, the next team of Jean-Louis Borloo. As Secretary of State for Transport, it was confirmed that the case "is under investigation.FNAM said, she expected to return "next week".

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"The companies have not shared enough of their profits with their employees, and this could dampen the recovery," says Aneta Markowska, economist at Societe Generale CIB. In the U.S., the share of corporate revenues redistributed to employees has dropped from 59.8% in the second quarter, its lowest level since the Second World War.

Recruitment at half

Paradoxically, "the companies that have entered the crisis with little debt and thus did not need to rebalance their balance sheets, accumulate cash and threaten the recovery," says Aneta Markowska. Their cash is now nearly 6% of their assets, against less than 4.5% before the crisis. A level not seen since the 50s, according to figures from Societe Generale CIB. The most obvious translation of this strategy, they block the hiring.

Natixis, the head of economic research, Patrick Artus, made the same observation. In a classical revival, the increase in profits resulting from investment, thus creating jobs, which in turn produce growth. But this time it's different.'Distortion of revenue sharing to the detriment of employees led to the weakening of wage and salary income, thus accentuating the weakness of domestic demand, "says Patrick Artus in a note. In the U.S., it will need more time to households in debt up to his neck to clean up their finances before eating again.

Uncertainty

If companies are ants and jealously guard their cash flow, because a great uncertainty surrounding the economic outlook. Because of fears of fallout in recession, "they do not know what will be their future profits and (in the U.S., Ed) they have difficulty in measuring what the impact of tax measures on the viability of their projects investment ", according to Societe Generale economist IPC.

Growth at half-profits on the rise, "he will have to get used to the difference," said Patrick Artus, who believes this is a trend. First, large groups are investing in emerging markets with high potential, which boosts their results. Then the credit market freeze that followed the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers has scalded. They now want to finance their own investments and not to depend on external funding.

They fell in July from 27.2% to 3.83 million annualized units, their lowest level in more than 15 years. The fall is twice stronger than expected. A nasty surprise while growing doubts about the strength of the U.S. recovery, and while the labor market overseas and yet still shows signs of weakness.

Emblematic of Wall Street widened its losses and European stock markets suffer the consequences. The Dax drops 2.19% to 5879 points, the London FTSE coward 2.24% to 5117 points.In Spain, the Ibex lost 2.57%, the Belgian BEL 20, 1.63% and the FTSE Eb Italian, 1.68%.

In addition, industrial orders in the eurozone rose slightly more than expected in June, according to statistics released Tuesday by Eurostat. The control inputs in the sector rose 2.5% from May and 22.6% compared to June 2009. Economists and analysts on average expected for June increased 1.5% from May and up 22.9% over one year.

Values follow

Accor announced Monday the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding regarding the sale of walls 48 of its hotels in Europe for $ 367 million, Predica, insurance subsidiary of Credit Agricole (-2.03% 9.95 euros) and the Land Walls, a subsidiary of Land regions (-0.68% to 71.50 euros).Titles leapt 1.54% to 23.72 euros this morning and remained alone in the green mid-session, up 0.21% to 23.410 euros.

Danone (-0.37% to 41.34 euros) Immédia acquired the company, number three French juice mixed with fruit (smoothies), whose turnover is around four million euros, reports the Tribune.

The Ministry of Sustainable Development and Bercy warned on Monday evening Regulatory Commission of Energy (CRE) and the Higher Council of the energy of their intention to decline by 12% the purchase price by EDF (-0 , 02% to 31.795 euros) of photovoltaic electricity.

The bank Societe Generale (-1.88%) and BNP Paribas (-1.80%) are among the largest declines.

Lafarge unscrews 3.08% to 36.95 euros.Bank of America-Merrill Lynch downgraded its opinion on the title of "neutral" to "underperform" and lowered its target price of 53-42 euros.

The euro was down 0.32% against the greenback at 1.2618 dollar. The European currency reached its lowest level since 8 years against the yen. The dollar is worse than 15-year low against the yen.

The group also reported a net profit of 843 million euros between January and June 2010. But excluding the gain realized from the sale of its subsidiary Alstom Transmission & Distribution and Schneider, who has reported EUR 1.3 billion to Areva, the accounts are in the red.Last year, during the first half, earnings reached 161 million euros.

Operating profit, excluding capital gains, it is clearly in the red at -485 000 000 euros, cons -170 000 000 euros in the first half of 2009.

Impairments chain

The world's largest producer of uranium indicates that it found "a depreciation of 300 million euros on some of its mining assets, because new data looking at futures prices of uranium.

There is also a provision of 400 million euros in late June increased to cover additional costs due to further delays, construction of the EPR at Olkiluoto in Finland.

It was the eighth consecutive allowance increased by Areva on this site.In total, Areva has recorded 2.6 billion euros of provisions for OL3 after the 367 million recorded in the first half cash advance loan. This third generation reactor will cost a total of 5.7 billion euros, while the original price was 3 billion euros.

The site has actually taken four years behind its original schedule, due to a series of technical difficulties. Scheduled to start in April 2009, the EPR should not enter service until late 2012 or early 2013.

An agreement with EDF

This publication comes as the Elysée has just demanded that the builder of reactors and EDF sign a strategic partnership agreement covering all areas of their mutual interest in nuclear energy.

The possibility of the rise in the capital of EDF in Areva will be examined in the context of this agreement.Areva also has proceed before the end of 2010 a capital increase of up to 15% to finance the necessary investments for its development.

Net debt stood at Areva 5.152 billion euros at end June 2010 against 6.193 billion at end 2009, for equity of 8.7 billion.

As part of its financing plan, Areva has also planned to divest its holdings from 25.6% in Eramet and 10.9% in STMicroelectronics, which must remain under public ownership.

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Besides GDP, the U.S. will publish the index of consumer sentiment and Chicago PMI. In Europe, German retail sales and GDP of the area will also be published.

But it was the positive interpretation of the many important results published before opening behind the rating.

Publication Burst

Alcatel Lucent (6.38% to 2.20 euros) announces revenues of 3.813 billion euros in the second quarter.The group reiterated its outlook for 2010, including an adjusted operating income of between 1% and 5% of its revenues.

JCDecaux (+0.35% at 19.94 euros) on Friday announced a net profit in the first half of 65 million euros. The group anticipates a change in organic revenue for the third quarter less than that of the second with a cash flow of 119 million euros, compared with -1.7 million euros in the first half.

Lafarge (-3% to 42.18 euros) has reported a sales increase of 2% to 4.43 billion euros in the second quarter. The company expects a reduction in capital expenditure to less than 1 billion euros in 2011.

EDF (2.02% to 33.12 euros) announced a net income Group share 1.7 billion euros including a provision for $ 1.1 billion on its North American operations.The group, which should sell its UK electricity networks based on an enterprise value of over 5.5 billion pounds, has announced a delay of two years for his BDU Flamanville.

EADS (4.38% to 18.35 euros) announces a net profit in the first half of 185 million euros and a turnover of 20.3 billion euros.

Schneider Electric (2.51% to 88.57 euros) publishes a turnover of 8.57 billion euros in the first half (+10.5%) of which 4.661 billion (+18.5%) in the second . In an interview with Le Figaro, Jean-Pascal Tricoire, CEO, set an improvement for the second part of the year.

Renault (+0.16% at 33.07 euros) issued a revenue increase of 23.1% for the first half like for like identical, to 19.668 billion euros. The constructor returns to the green with profits of 823 million euros.

The reaction of Peugeot (-0.80%) is observed.Still in the automotive industry, Michelin (0.62% to 59.72 euros) announced a net profit in the first half and said it expects a continued rebound in demand for tires in the second half of the year .

PPR (-0.24% to 102.10 euros) announced a net profit after minority interests rose 86.8% to 407 million euros in the first half.

Imerys (2.01% to 45.36 euros) has reported a net operating income rose sharply to 122 million euros in the first half with a turnover of organic growth of 16%.

Total (2.09% to 39.15 euros) announced adjusted net income for the second quarter of 3 billion euros, up 72%.

CNP Assurances (-1.12% to 15.92 euros) has issued a net increase of 8% to 542 million euros and a turnover of 17.697 million euros (+2.4%).

Rhodia (2.98% to 16.22 euros) raised again after its 2010 targets announced Friday results exceeded expectations in the second quarter.

Saint Gobain is optimistic

Saint-Gobain (+0.02% to 33.3 euros) has reported a strong rebound in its first half results, while confirming its target of strong growth in operating earnings in 2010.

Capgemini (-0.59% to 36.13 euros) has announced the acquisition of the Swedish IT services Skvader Systems. No financial details were disclosed.

Air Liquide (-0.75 to 85.45 euros ù) has announced the acquisition of the company Lion Copolymer Geismar American Services. No financial details were disclosed.

Euler Hermes (4.92% to 61.39 euros) has reported net profit more than doubled in the second quarter from the first and said he intended to maintain profitability in an environment more favorable macroeconomic that over the past two years.

Ingenico (3.68% to 19.15 euros) on Thursday posted a net profit increased more than two in the first half thanks to increased transactions in Europe and raised its sales target.

Alten (1.43% to 22.71 euros) has reported a slight improvement in activity in its sector in the first half. Turnover rose 2.7% to 450.9 million euros over the period.

Flo (0.65% to 4.63 euros) said that the activity in its restaurants had not yet regained the level that was hers before the crisis, despite the reduction in VAT.The turnover of the group stood in the first half rose 7.6%.

A view shared by Michael Emmanuel Thuy Munis and Hassim, respectively partner and manager of the consulting firm NPT Consultants specializes in the banking and insurance.

Lefigaro.fr / jdf.com – French banks (NBP Paribas, Societe Generale, Credit Agricole and Natixis) Will they pass the exam?

Without a doubt! These stress tests are a bit like the Bachelor: almost everyone will have it in Europe, which makes him lose credibility. In fact, the findings of these tests of resistance will not argue not much. What to watch, what are the assumptions.

Which are these assumptions?

Assumptions on growth, unemployment, inflation and real estate are set by the Bank of France. There are two scenarios: one optimistic and one pessimistic. For example, last year, the first was zero growth and the second a recession of 2.5%.

From a standpoint of the bank as a company, the exercise was to downgrade by one notch rating default probability given to each level of the portfolio of the bank.

For example, if a risk of default is currently 2, the bank simulates a situation where the risk is rated 4. All branches of the portfolio and are staggered. On seeing the situation deteriorate and in its asset portfolio, the bank must protect themselves against-some of these risks and increase its mass of capital and liquidity to cope with any difficulties. This is also the challenge of the recommendations of Basel III, currently in talks.

These assumptions pose any real conditions of a major economic crisis?

The assumptions and asked did not reflect the reality of a major shock No fax cash loans. They lay the groundwork for a gradual and slow recovery, but do not take into account the possibility of a relapse into recession, for example (the famous "double-dip").

Neither of the possible restructuring of the debt of a country of weight outside the EU. As Russia. While in Europe, as was the case with Greece, for example, member states have shown they would join forces in order not to leave one of his bankruptcy, what will happen if Russia had to reschedule its debt? We can not know, but the situation would be catastrophic.

What are the political success of these stress tests?

There is a little over a year, the U.S. findings were providing stress testing of 19 banks very good (only two have failed), which had been boosted confidence in the U.S. banking system after the blow of Lehman Brothers, which filed for bankruptcy in September 2008.And after that 10% of U.S. institutions bancires put the key under the door!

European markets also need to be reassured, and policies have any interest.Ultimately, these stress tests are different goal in mind that European governments are behind their banks.

French banks can they go bankrupt?

In France, BNP Paribas, Societe Generale and Credit Agricole, which spans international, will never be dropped by the French state, because the consequences of a failure of one of these institutions are unimaginable, especially in terms of employment.

If they had to go through another very difficult phase, the state will play its role of lender of last resort, even though the price of a huge debt.

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* BNP Paribas, Societe Generale, Credit Agricole and Natixis.

Since 2000, said Gilles Carrez, 70 billion euros of tax cuts have been granted by the governments of left and right. At the same time, 40 billion of revenue were donated to the Social Security and local authorities. The whole, "without these have been offset by lower expenses!" Gilles Carrez surprised in an interview with Les Echos.

The largesse of governments are particularly focused on tax cuts on income and on the proliferation of tax shelters. Then, down one point from VAT in 2000 has caused an erosion of 40% of revenues.

To redress the balance, the member calls for "an effort on tax revenues and social order of 15 billion euros is needed to demonstrate our commitment to reducing deficits and debt". The markets and rating agencies watch the France at the turn. If they judge announced that the effort is insufficient, the state will see its rating deteriorated and must borrow at higher interest rates.

Effort "just"

Still, the effort "must be fair," Eaton Gilles Carrez. Therefore, "the movement of the plane" tax "should apply to the broadest possible base."Income tax, corporation tax, solidarity tax on wealth, and even VAT should be reviewed.

For example, the 5.5% VAT on food is expected to increase to 12%, defends the member. A measure already excluded by Bercy. On the other hand, Gilles Carrez believes that the biofuel "is developed enough to no longer need to be subsidized.

More importantly, the private sector alone has created 83,000 jobs. Is much better than the 33,000 net new jobs in the month of May However, analysts expected a figure close to 112,000. "We're going in the right direction but we do not go fast enough for many Americans. We are not moving fast enough for me either, "responded the president Barack Obama.

The increase in the number of private sector jobs due to "modest increases in various industries."The leisure industry in particular has created 28,000 jobs before the summer. Business services hired 21,000 people. Note, the industry continued to create jobs (9,000). The construction sector has meanwhile also destroys jobs (22 cash till payday.000), hit by a decline in new construction.

"Beyond these figures rather in line with expectations, the disappointment is the hours worked and wages," noted economists Exane-BNP Paribas. "Hours worked weekly find their level in April (34.1) and hourly wages shrink by 0.1% over the month." In bad omen for consumer spending.

On the other hand, the unemployment rate, calculated on a different basis, for its part fell 9.7% in May to 9.5% in JuneThe Labor Department said the decline by reducing the workforce and the growing number of discouraged workers who no longer work. "We still expect a gradual recovery in the labor market with unemployment rates remain high in 2010 before improving slightly in 2011," says Julian Thomas, an economist at Natixis.

"In general, the Labor Department report suggests weak growth, but not fallen into recession, say economists for their part of Societe Generale.

Whatever the fans of austerity, the G20 Toronto has not been that of rigor. On the form, the exorbitant cost of the summit – 1.2 billion Canadian dollars, or 900 million Euro-shows that developed countries like Canada, still have strong reservations to spend public money to do their self-promotion. On the merits, the U.S. calls for further spending in the short term have been heard, even if Barack Obama had a hard time leaving scope for "recovery" in the final communique.

"We need to let it work through our plans for fiscal stimulus to consolidate the recovery," said the G20."Adjustments in the largest simultaneous countries could undermine the recovery," said the statement, which also bears the imprint of major emerging countries (China, India, Brazil, Russia).

Budgetary discipline

Pessimistic about the recovery, deemed "fragile and uneven, very worried about the" rate of unemployment reached unacceptable levels in certain countries, "the G20 always gives priority to growth. "Although Mrs Merkel has agreed to make more growth!" Says Nicolas Sarkozy.

For the first time, however, the virtues of fiscal restraint is recognized at the highest level."Sound public finances are essential to sustain the recovery, giving some leeway in case of a new shock, and avoid leaving future generations a legacy of deficits and debt" indicates the G20.

A commitment risk

But beware of plans rigor rushed! The G20 did not advocate austerity at all stages payday loans for self employed. "Fiscal adjustment needs to be carefully calibrated to support private demand," it said. "The consolidation measures should be phased in over time, growth, and differentiated according to country."

Angela Merkel welcomes the significant progress: the G20 endorsed the objectives of deficits and debt, modeled on the European Stability Pact, sanctions and less.The G20 developed countries commit to reduce their deficit in half by 2013 and to stabilize their debt to GDP by 2016. He was a Canadian proposal, which the first Prime Minister Stephen Harper to declare victory, after a summit a small scale.

But this commitment amounted G20 does not fear large world. The European Union should achieve this goal without problems, ensures José Manuel Barroso. France has already pledged to reduce its deficit 8% today to 3% in 2013. As the United States, they feel just referred.In its letter to its partners in the G20 to warn them against the rigors, Barack Obama has renewed its commitment to reducing the U.S. budget deficit by half in 2013 to return to deficits of 3% in 2015.

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"I also want to stress that exchange rate determined by the market are essential to global economic vitality," wrote as Barack Obama, who is of course referring to China, which Washington believes the currency, the yuan, is artificially under -valued, preparing a showdown with his counterpart, Hu Jintao.

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