Edouard Balladur. – Efforts by the Franco-German cooperation is commendable, but it must go further. The Europe of 27 is too broad and diverse, it is little more than a big market for the euro area, it has a single currency, but it is struggling to make quick decisions and does not have a policy exchange decided by a governmental authority. For twenty years, I defend an organization of Europe by combining circles States according to the skills shared. It is urgent to implement and begin to better organize the euro area.If the ECB was implementing this massive deterrence, speculation would fall and we would cease to move from crisis to crisis paydayloan.

The Germans did not they always raised an objection of inadmissibility outright the idea?

Do they have a reasonable expectation of it together without the 2 trillion dollars that would discourage speculation? Why is opposed to the expanded role of the ECB? The fear of inflation? The risk is much less in a world of globalization based on a competition that lowers prices.

Some defend the "other policy" and openly talk about protectionism. This crisis gives them she right?

On the contrary, it gives them wrong. History has decided: to maintain our role in the world, defend the ability of our business, secure our energy, we need to reduce deficits.

This is especially symbolic that this government has succeeded where the team Jospin failed to combine the two tax authorities. In a survey of the merger, commissioned by the Senate Finance Committee, the Court of Auditors said that the reform was carried out on time and that its success is "an achievement in change management."

But the Court also notes that the merger would have been cheaper. "All were first restructuring cost.The question is whether the bill was not too high, "said Philippe Marini yesterday, the president of the UMP Senate Finance Committee during a hearing of the protagonists of the case to the commission.

Between 2008 and 2012, 12,000 jobs have been removed to DGFIP. Despite this, the payroll has been stabilized in 2011 and decline only in 2012 to reach 4.95 billion euros. "From 2008 to 2010, the workforce was reduced by 3%, while the wage bill increased by 1%" Nicole Bricq summarized yesterday, the rapporteur of the commission PS. When asked by Le Figaro, Philippe Parini, the Chief of DGFIP, believes that this performance is good.But yesterday at the hearing, the Court judges were more skeptical.

209 million of additional costs

In the report following its investigation, the Court regrets that the general rule in the civil service, which means that half of the savings from job cuts to be redistributed in additional payments to agents, has been exceeded in DGFIP in 2010 ( 62 guaranteed approval cash advance loans.5% of redistribution) and 2011 (54.8%).

In detail, the Court expressed surprise that the merger premium of 350 euros per year, originally created for the sole agents affected by restructuring, has been granted in 2008 to all members of the DGFIP. Then it has been perpetuated from 2009 and then increased to 500 euros this year. Total cost from 2007 to 2012: 59.5 million euros.However, in addition to this premium, the agents of the DGFIP benefited from the harmonization of remuneration from the top.

"No merger can not be done with a harmonization of salaries to the bottom" replied yesterday a senior official of Bercy, noting that the harmonization alone had accounted for half of the 209 million additional cost of the merger.

"We take the fact of having paid the premiums," added Philippe Parini. "In total, over the whole period of the merger, from 2008 to 2012, we distributed to agents 52.3% of the savings related to job cuts. It is little more than the norm. Overruns in 2010 and 2011 and punctual and will be made up later, "he said in Le Figaro.

Senators of the committee members are themselves worried about the consequences of yesterday's job losses to DGFIP.They fear a decline in the quality of service.

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If the prospect should be revised to "negative", this would imply that Moody's would likely lower the rating over the medium term, most often at a maturity of three to twelve months.And France would become the new big country, after the United States to lose its prestigious rating that allows it to borrow on the current market conditions very favorable.

A budget supervision

In reaching its decision, Moody's analyze the ability of the French government to meet its budget commitments. She stressed that if the financial strength of the French government remains very high, it "has weakened since the economic and financial crisis worldwide has led to a deterioration in its debt ratios, which are now among the lowest in AAA-rated. "In addition, "France could face a number of challenges in the coming months, such as the need for additional support to other European countries or its own banking system, which could increase significant commitments that must support the country's budget. " The remark came just after the adoption by the members of the guarantees provided by the French in the process of dismantling the Franco-Belgian bank Dexia.

Moody's said that this review is part of its annual financial statements for France and it is not yet a decision on the rating of the country. But after this warning, the marathon budget to the Assembly for consideration of the budget 2012, which begins on Tuesday, should be closely watched.France 2 last night, Prime Minister Francois Fillon warned it would take "new measures" austerity if France did not record a "minimal growth of 1.5%" in 2012 because the proposed budget is "built on a projected 1.75% growth, but it works with a minimal growth of 1.5%."

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Lack of energy also in other major European markets, which ended in a disorganized. In London, the FTSE fell symbolically 0.06%, while in Frankfurt the Dax was up 0.30%. Of the European indices, the Euro Stoxx 50 slipped 0.50%.

Wall Street was also on the reserve. In session, the Dow fell by 0.26% and 0.35% Nasdaq clawing. Investor caution was reinforced by the expectation of several major events.In Europe and the United States.

For specialists in Barclays stock, the markets were essentially "focused on the voting Slovakia for the ratification of the European Financial Stability Fund." Slovakia is the last of 17 countries in the euro area to decide. In order for this tool, designed to help fragile countries in the euro area to work, the votes of 17 countries in the euro area is needed.

Opening of the ball results on Wall Street

Febrile, investors have minimal response to green light by the Troika, comprising the creditors of Greece, the release "early November", a new tranche of the loan in Athens, vital for the country low interest rate personal loans.

The outgoing president of the European Central Bank, Jean-Claude Trichet, also dampened investor optimism.He said that "for three weeks, things have deteriorated, the crisis has become systemic."

The launch of the quarterly earnings season in the U.S., added to the uncertainty, while the U.S. economy is idling.

As usual the aluminum giant Alcoa will open the show of these announcements after the close of Wall Street. These publications will tell more about the economic outlook of the world's largest economy, which continue to worry the markets.

Bank stocks up

In Paris, as in the rest of Europe, however, the banking sector continued its forward march.José Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission Jose Manuel Barroso said on Wednesday that he would "proposals" concrete to the European Commission on the recapitalization of European banks.

Credit Agricole SA has gained 1.12%, BNP Paribas was up 2.96% and 5.28% Societe Generale. Operators, disoriented and obviously out of inspiration, wore special attention to the beliefs of analysts. Vallourec (-1.42%) and Aéroports de Paris (-0.85%) have seen their recommendation downgraded by JPMorgan and Essilor (-3.83%) by Morgan Stanley.

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"This is the first time that we sponsor an event abroad. Traditionally Chinese companies involved in the financing of aid to natural disasters, earthquakes or floods. They argue that very few art events. But we made several acquisitions in Europe and you want to get closer, "says Jane Zhang, director of brand and strategy Fosun.

This, indeed, holds 9.5% of Club Mediterranean.It has also invested in a chain of jewelry and fashion accessories in Greece. Haier, meanwhile, set up last year, the seat of his European office in Paris. For one as for the other, cultural patronage that they are discovering can be a powerful tool to better integrate. But the payments remain a state secret.

Open the Forbidden City

As many as 350,000 Chinese visited the Louvre last year. The country is now the fifth largest foreign tourists to the museum, behind the United States, Brazil, Italy and Russia. So Wan Jie, head of Artron, specializing in printing, which was not 50 years, is very interested in the Young Patrons Circle of the Louvre.All they need to pay 2,000 euros per year if they are under 40 years beyond 5000 to be included, says Christophe Monin, head of development and sponsorship of the museum.

"The demand from wealthy individual to the corporate philanthropy is very strong in Asia, but their goal is to first do something for their country," says Nathalie Sauvanet, BNP Paribas. In its own way, Chen Dongsheng, president of Taikang Life Insurance, is a pioneer in China. He is a founding member of the China Social Entrepreneur Foundation and one of the best friends of the owner of Fosun, Guo Guangchang. He believes that "companies need to focus on modern culture."

It is also believed that Wang Yamin, deputy director of the Museum of the Forbidden City in Beijing. It does not hide it, the Louvre gives him ideas. The palace is full of treasures that can not hardly watch the public.They are crammed into the reserves of the City. If he succeeded in attracting Chinese businesses, it could more easily escape by appealing to the state. The tourists would stay longer when on the site. "The Forbidden City needs to develop cooperation with private companies," he pleads.

Christophe Monin, for whom "patronage is essential today," just waiting to help. But in the meantime, the Louvre would like to create a Chinese version of its multimedia guide … he hopes to be financed by entrepreneurs from the Middle Kingdom.

Concordant sources, in fact, Dexia, the Deposit Bank and postal workers, under the watchful eye of the state, to create a new bank, public, local communities. Friday, none of the parties did not wish to make comments.

The new entity will take over long held by Crédit Local de France (CLF), ancestor of Dexia, with mayors, councils and other French regions.Its creation would be an opportunity to ease the minds of elected officials, heated by the explosion of interest on certain loans "toxic", including underwritten by Dexia before 2008. The new state-owned bank could put forward a much more wise.

Above all, his arrival on the market would open the tap of credit to local communities. In a financial crisis, Dexia and its competitors, such as savings banks, Societe Generale and foreign banks have largely abandoned this market in recent months.

The Postal Bank and the Caisse des Depots would hold society together, Dexia that may remain a shareholder.They should also take control of all or part of the loan portfolio of existing communities with Dexia French (70 billion euros) and Dexia Municipal Agency: such operators shall ensure, by means of mortgage bonds, the refinancing of the commitment of Dexia. A new ownership would bring also the financial strength necessary to maintain its "AAA" rating.

Pirouette history

For Dexia, the operation could be an opportunity to significantly reduce its balance sheet totaling more than 500 billion euros guaranteed online personal loans. It has already been reduced by 15% year on year, thanks to the divestment of assets made in the first half. But despite this recent treatment, the group remains fragile, especially in the current distrust of markets against financial groups in Europe.

"The idea is on the table.Its terms are far from being arrested, "said a source familiar with the matter. The role of Dexia, the volume of the transferred assets, their quality – particularly with regard to loans that are the subject of disputes with communities who have subscribed – all of which are still on the table. Many criteria which depend then the financial terms of the transaction.

The reactive pattern of lines of inquiry explored from 2008-2009. Even then, the idea of ​​the deposits of La Banque Postale deal with Dexia loans (assets of French local authorities are placed in the Treasury) was considered. The arrival of the CDC in the capital of La Banque Postale has facilitated the project. The project has also the flavor of a sacred spin the story to the Fund: Crédit Local de France was born of a branch of the Caisse des Depots, which then end up twenty years after a historic activity.But for the CDC, the issue is complex: it has (with the NOC) 20% of Dexia, it has recapitalized with the Belgian shareholders in 2008 to see the action rolled back in recent months. Perform an operation which finally reduces the bank's balance sheet and liquidity requirements would constitute a significant step forward. This is what its proponents would argue with the board, including representatives from Belgium, possibly as early as next Tuesday.

Based on the results of such surveys of the American Institute Gallup, the researchers sifted through the levels of well-being of 54 countries by comparing them with the "escalation" of their respective tax systems.It appears that countries with happiness displayed by the people is the highest (led the quintet Denmark, Finland, Switzerland, Belgium, and Australia in that order) are those whose levels of taxation do matter the most high vis-à-vis the highest incomes. Note that France, whose maximum tax rate fell from 48.1% to 41% over the period 2003-2010 according to a KPMG survey of the institute, for its part, is ranked the twelfth largest in terms of " happiness "overall.

Public services better

But because of the difficulty of measuring this "joie de vivre", which does not depend exclusively on the level of wealth of a population, these results are to be taken lightly.And the United States, the richest country in the world and has a maximum tax rate of 35% in 2010 to eighth carracolent barometer of well-being of Gallup, far ahead of France.

Still, according Shigehiro Oishi, the correlation between a higher tax on high incomes and "joie de vivre" is mainly due to better quality public services in the countries concerned. He cites all government expenditures for "housing, education and public transport."

Under this prism, so some argue that the will of Barack Obama to tax more millionaires will have no impact on the happiness of Americans, as this is seen against a plan to reduce the budget deficit. But gentle irony, at least one of its taxpayers would certainly his "joie de vivre 'progress: the billionaire Warren Buffett.In an article published last month in The New York Times, the head of Berkshire Hathaway investment fund argued for such a measure: "While the poorer classes and middle classes are fighting for us in Afghanistan, while most Americans are struggling to make ends meet month we mega-wealthy continue to benefit from special tax exemptions, "he complained. Not sure, however, that the unanimity of implementation within the cocoon of "mega-rich"!

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Fabrice Cousté – If one believes technical analysis you can go touch the low of March 2009 or even lower. The crisis we are experiencing is in fact more serious than that of three years ago because this time it is not the bankruptcy of one or more banks, but the bankruptcy of one or more States, so the problems of a different magnitude, in terms of their economic and especially political resolution.

How do you explain this precipitous drop?

As in 2008, financial markets were dislocated during the summer. There is now only a few buyers and many market players are taking advantage of any rebound to settle more positions. Also new microeconomics is no longer supported.Investors are looking more because the health of companies but only macroeconomic statistics or information. Since the summer, the flow of news, always negative, points out that the problems are structural and feeds a climate of anxiety in markets that are on the precipice. Political leaders do not seem to be aware of.

Therefore what strategy should investors adopt by the end of the year?

Some titles "refuge" as Essilor, Sanofi, L'Oreal and Air Liquide are kept in the portfolio. But volatility remains high and the risk of further correction as well.That's why I advise investors to discover the techniques to learn to hedge their portfolios with options or CFD (contract between two investors who agree to exchange the difference between the opening and Closing of support) to cushion the shock if further decline. In the panic, investors often sell too late.

The adoption of the second conditional aid package to Greece by the German Sages is not likely to reassure investors?

It is a relief. Yet it is a "Yes … but." Long as there is a "but" in the ads on the debt crisis, financial markets will continue to brood as these conditions overlap with the responsiveness needed to face an emergency no fax payday advance.They sanction the policy of "baby steps" of states and the total lack of solidarity within the euro area. Financial markets require only the words of intent but long-term certainty. What the politicians are unable to provide them because of their short maturities.

Are you worried about the euro area?

Yes I am. Of course, unlike the Anglo-Saxons, we do not feel in the euro area of ​​hatred against the European currency. Now if political leaders do not take the measure of the crisis in which we find ourselves, an explosion in the euro area is inevitable.Therefore, two scenarios are possible: either an exit of the weakest states in the euro zone as Greece and contagion Portugal, Spain see Italy or output states that do not want to pay for others such as Germany, the Netherlands and Austria.

So with these massive sales of shares, you expect a flight to government bonds when the debt crisis brewing in Europe and the United States?

This seems paradoxical, but yes. Institutional investors always prefer to put their money on assets "refuge" and especially liquids. As proof, the 10-year bonds of the United States have not suffered from the deterioration of "AAA" of the country. The run on U.S. government bonds has even caused a decline in their performance at historic levels.Same point in Germany and France or the bonds have not suffered from the debt crisis. This means that as long as fear prevails, German bonds, French and American continue to be purchased. Instead, the assets considered risky such as stocks are penalized. This situation can be reversed quickly if positive catalyst. Until that clicks, investors should follow the strategy of China continues to diversify its investments between the United States, Europe and Africa.

Like the Asian markets, the benchmark index of the Paris market is supported by the slight increase in U.S. markets, reassured by the Federal Reserve. Investors are indeed more and more convinced of the will, confirmed last night by the U.S. central bank to act to restore growth.

In addition, the Atlantic, financial markets are close to their level of January 1, which could be an equilibrium point.Also an element of support for the Paris Bourse, even if it is far from that level (3847.63 points Jan. 3, 2011).

Chapter macroeconomic, investors will learn in 12 hours of agricultural price indices in July. United States, the employment figures for August will be published in the early afternoon, followed by the index of industrial activity in the Chicago area and in industrial orders in July and inventories crude oil.

On the currency front, having been an upward trend since the beginning of the week, the euro fell slightly against the dollar on Wednesday after the announcement Tuesday in a poor indicator of the European economy weighed on the currency European.In mid-session in Paris, the European currency was worth 1.4441, up 0.02%.

Values ​​to follow

In a market with relatively low volumes since the beginning of the week is a new salvo of publication of results, broadly in line with expectations, that drives the third weekly session.

Bouygues strongly supports the trend. After being briefly suspended trading at the opening, the title of group jumped 12.54% to 25.98 euros. The conglomerate has finally published its results on Wednesday, not Tuesday reported on the acquisition of 11.7% of its shares for 1.25 billion euros, a 30% premium over the closing price of the security last night.In addition, the group published a half-year net profit down 27% to 391 million euros.

Similarly, Vivendi (3.55% to 16.75 euros) said it had doubled its half-year net profit to 2.5 billion euros, with a net gain of $ 1.2 billion related to the settlement of a dispute over the PTC shares in Poland. Its subsidiary, Canal +, 80% owned by Vivendi, reported first half sales of 2.39 billion euros, up 2.8% year on year, operating profit increasing by 1 , 9% over this period easy payday loans.

In turn, Carrefour is the sentence (-3.19% to 18.05 euros), after the group announced a net loss of 249 million euros in its first half.Above all, the group has revised downwards its forecasts, expects 15% drop in its earnings.

Last night, L'Oreal (-1.70% to 75.70 euros) has reported an increase in operating profit of only 2% to 1.70 billion euros in the first half. Its operating margin for its part fell 50 basis points to 16.8%, while analysts expected an increase, on average expected a figure of 17.5%.

Vinci (1.48% to 36.06 euros) for registration in the first half net profit up 15.7% year on year and raised its annual forecast.

Cac 40 off the healthy group Hermes (-0.75% to 262.95 euros) is confirmed.The specialist luxury published net income up 49.5% to 290.9 million euros.

Bolloré (stable at 158 ​​euros) saw its net profit grow by 29%, boosted by a gain from the sale of shares of the maker of seamless steel tubes Vallourec.

For its part, Havas (1.82% to 2.8 euro) reported net income up 8% in the first half thanks to an improved operating margin.

Aéroports de Paris (0.74% to 57.27 euros) it has slightly lowered its forecast for fiscal 2011.

Hi-media (-5.31 euros, 3.39 euros) back into the green in the first half, revealing a net profit of 5.1 million euros.

For its part, the oil reacts little to the continued rise in oil prices, and the strategic agreement signed between Rosneft and will explore together the Arctic and as such invest $ 3.2 billion.Technip wins 2.28%, to 66.45 euros and a total advance of 31%, to 33.59 euros.

For its part, Bourbon wins 1.62%, to 22.86 euros. The oil services specialist maritime published a group net profit halved in the first half, to 41 million euros, but put on a recovery in the offshore oil and gas. It also confirms the objectives of its 2011-2015 plan.

Note that Ruby, Mersen (ex-Carbone Lorraine), April, Lagardère, Outremer Telecom, Eiffage, Stef-TFE, Fleury Michon, Bongrain, GFI Informatique, Gameloft, Sopra, Virbac, Reculex, Mr. Bricolage and reveal their Guyenne et Gascogne half-year after the stock market.

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Of the other major European stock markets, the FTSE-100 from the London Stock Exchange gained 0.67% at end-30 Dax and the Frankfurt Stock Exchange is 1.07%.Wall Street closed Monday evening while a cautious rebound Asian stock markets advance slowly, scheduled to open on Tuesday, and more open up if we believe the index futures.

While awaiting the president's speech to the U.S. central bank, Ben Bernanke, Friday, and the publication of the second estimate of U.S. GDP in the second quarter, the same day, the markets remain nervous and are attentive to the situation in Libya where the prospect of regime change seems inevitable after 42 years of rule of Colonel Gaddafi. The wait also dominates the New York Stock Exchange opened in a small increase.

Oil prices retreat slightly

As a result, oil prices are cautious on Tuesday. a barrel of Brent North Sea crude for October delivery barrel of Brent took only 18 cents to 108.54 dollars, after losing 18 cents in early trade.In New York, a barrel of "light sweet crude" for delivery in October has opened up 66 cents to 85.06 dollars.

On the macroeconomic front, the growth in activity in France has re-accelerated slightly in August, but three months to offset the sharp slowdown that has just experienced. The manufacturing PMI rose to 53.6 points against 53.2 in July.

But, overall, the indicators of the day are at least mixed. The barometer of confidence Zew, who searches the expectations of German financial community, still has significantly declined in August for the sixth consecutive time. Private activity in euro area, it stagnated and remains at a low of nearly two years.

In the U.S., sales of new homes in July emerged declined by 0.7% in July, after falling 2.9% in June, according to figures released Tuesday by the Commerce Department.On an annual basis, the sales trend was 298,000 units, after 300 000 (revised 312000) in June. Analysts on average had forecast 310,000.

On the corporate side, while the regime of Colonel Gaddafi is expected to end, the oil is in the form: Technip wins 1.45% to 60.69 euros and total advances of 1.15% to 33.085 euros.

The CAC was increased by cyclic: Air Liquide (2.85% to 68.22 euros) signed the largest increase in the Paris index.

Schneider Electric: + 2.09% to 86.63 euros

Schneider Electric continues for the second time its tender offer in cash on all shares of Spanish Telvent at a price of 40 dollars per share.

Carrefour: + 0.62% to 18.755 euros

Carrefour announced Monday the appointment of Thierry Garnier, currently executive director of distribution group for growth markets, the Executive Director for China and Taiwan, replacing Eric Legros.

Sanofi: + 1.68% to 49.95 euros

Aventis Pharma, Indian subsidiary of Sanofi, is close to buying activities without prescription Universal Medicare, an unlisted Indian pharmaceutical company to 75.8 million euros, said on Tuesday two sources close to the situation.

Societe Generale: -0.31% to 21 euros

Societe Generale has asked the bank Rothschild to set up a liquidity contract with a budget of 170 million euros to support its action, which has lost more than 40% of its value in a month.