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Wednesday after the nationalization of the first network of savings banks Bankia, the Spanish government on Friday introduced a new banking reform, the second in less than three months. Madrid requires banks an additional provision of $ 30 billion. This will add to the 53 billion that should already be provisioned by the end of the year to cover the risk of real estate the most problematic, representing € 184 billion globally, according to Bank of Spain.

This caution will also be extended to 123 billion of property assets considered non-problematic "for their hypothetical deterioration" in the words of Minister of Economy, Luis de Guindos. In total, Spanish banks will be funded 45% of their total real estate assets by the end of the year. Before the first government reform Rajoy, the rate was only 14%, the minister recalled. Other decision, banks will separate the real estate assets from their balance sheets and place them in specialized agencies, to better assess the right price. "It will be mandatory for all entities," the minister said. In the interests of transparency, and meet there at a request of the Eurogroup, Madrid will carry out audits of accounts. "Two independent evaluators" will be responsible for judging the soundness and credibility of assessments.

Recession in 2013

The question is how banks can finance such levels of provision and how much will be deducted from their own funds bad credit pay day loans. Guindos recalled that during the last injection of public money made by the previous government, the fund Frob had lent 15 billion euros to banks. "The total should be this time significantly lower," he thought, noting that the state would receive an interest rate of 10% on money lent. "The Frob keeps 5 billion in cash. We will see how it will be necessary to supplement, "said Guindos. The Minister further stated that this funding through convertible bonds to five years, would cost "nothing" to the taxpayer.

The exercise of clarity has not convinced the markets: the Madrid Stock Exchange immediately plunged 3%, carried away by banks. The chief minister, Mariano Rajoy, nice hammer that the deficit will not be affected, the target of 5.3% of GDP this year, against 8.5% in December, and above 3% target in 2013 , is very hypothetical. The European Commission, which today released its new forecasts for the euro area, anticipates a deficit of 6.3% of GDP in 2012, even worse, 6.4% in 2013. In less than three months, Brussels has revised up sharply the recession, to 1.8% of GDP, against 1% previously. Next year, the economy would be even the only Iberian euro area to be in red.

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All sorts of people need fast cash though are unwilling to compromise on interest rates. Naturally, the lower the interest rate, the better. Low rate payday loans are easy to access thanks to the Internet.

 

The general meeting of shareholders of Dexia, which takes place Wednesday afternoon, from 14 hours in Brussels looks very heckled. For if the fate of the Franco-Belgian seems to be a non-issue in France, he ignites the political debate on the other side of the border.

Concretely, Belgium seems now to enjoy the transition period at the head of the French state to make its case. In two stages. The Kingdom requires the Management Board of Dexia, now led by the French Pierre Mariani. She then wants to renegotiate the terms of its rescue.

Destabilized by the debt crisis, Dexia survives today only because it can be financed with the State guarantee for the time up to 45 billion euros, up 90 billion soon and if the Commission European accepts. However, Belgium – Dexia is a Belgian group legally – bears the burden of 60% against 37.5% for France. Too much in the eyes of the Belgian political.

During the meeting, the confrontation should focus on the vote of "discharge" to management and the board. A legal act by which the shareholders validate the management of the past year and believe that good leaders have acted in the interest of society. "Dexia has been mismanaged," stated Wednesday morning a Belgian secretary of state, Melchior Wathelet.

The subject is divided into the Belgian camp, from one party to another, from one region to another, knowing that are present in both the capital state, regions and holding companies in liquidation. It is highly likely that Belgium refrain from voting majority in the discharge which could then be voted in favor of the voice of the Deposit French (20% stake in CNP with insurance).

Very precarious balance

After the meeting, the chairman of Dexia, the former prime minister Jean-Luc Dehaene, should resign. And Board should co-opt a new member, Karel de Boeck, that Belgium had already placed at the head of Fortis failed in 2008. The Kingdom has made its candidate now occupied by the French Pierre Mariani, Dexia dispatched late 2008. Ultrapolitique become a subject in Belgium where the government opposes the payment of severance pay of French. He also wants to accelerate the appointment of a Belgian so you can negotiate the best possible overhaul of agreements to dismantle the bank.

And France in all this? At this point, it is the Deposit which is first in line, quietly. The institution headed by Antoine Gosset-Grainville seems to defend the status quo. Or acceleration of change of men at the head of the bank or renegotiation of agreements. A firm attitude that justifies the issue: Dexia is now very precarious balance, as evidenced by the loss of 431 million euros in the first quarter (over 11 billion in 2011 remember), released Wednesday morning.

If the plan is derailed, the bank will be recapitalised. Or, worse, the guarantees provided by the States may need to play, a nightmare scenario for France certainly, but especially for Belgium. Dexia shows still 399 billion in assets, is a time bomb in the heart of the fragile euro zone.

In the coming days, it's the French who will leave the wood. Francois Hollande and his team will then display the color vis-à-vis the government of Elio di Rupo, the Belgian Socialist whose presence at Solferino Street Sunday night was noticed. With two options. Either France is trying to recreate a consensus on the decommissioning plan. Or it enters a power relationship with Belgium.

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Presidential in major cities Paris | Leeds | Lyons | Toulouse | Leeds | Sheffield | Liverpool | Bordeaux | Lille

 

"If we do not respect the line to reduce our deficits and our debt to the minute interest rates will rise." Wednesday, Nicolas Sarkozy has gone a step further in the dramatization. After Francois Fillon, who suggested Tuesday that a hint of victory would boost Francois Hollande attacks against the euro area, the president candidate has warned against any slippage in the path of fiscal consolidation.

To raise the specter of an uncontrollable ascent rates, the current majority is based on digging for a few days the gap between interest rates ten years French (2.93% on Wednesday) and German ( 1.79%). At 114 basis points, after reaching 135 points Tuesday, this spread has actually widened over 30 points in a month.

Should we see a sign of growing distrust of markets in anticipation of a victory for the left, and expect a speculative attack against France after the second round? If the debate on this subject undoubtedly grows, nothing concrete has yet support this thesis. "The widening gap in interest rates between France and Germany is primarily due to lower rates to ten years German, while at the same time the French rate increase very little," said Patrick Jacq, BNP Paribas. In fact, France borrowed Wednesday cheaper than January 1 – the rate at ten years then stood at 3.20%. At the height of the crisis in the euro area, last fall, the OAT to ten years had reached a yield of 3.70% and the gap with Germany was around 190 points. The position occupied by Francois Hollande favorite in the presidential polls did not even affect the bond markets.

The fact remains that, beyond political considerations alone, the French debt will find itself under strong pressure in the coming days. Several factors will combine. The first is technical. As of Monday, April 16, the derivatives market Eurex will boost the marketing of futures contracts on the OAT need a personal loan with bad credit. Some see an opportunity for traders to speculate on France. "The danger is actually involved as a hedging tool transformed into an instrument of credit risk management," says Patrick Jacq. In other words, that some operators are betting on a French credit event.

Community constraint

Precisely, the second is the threat to a likely downgrade of France by Moody's, which can occur anytime during the next four weeks. On this theme, moreover, that the Socialist candidate responded to the attacks of the UMP: "If there was loss of triple A, is due to the left or right because of?" , asked Francois Hollande in response to declining rating by Standard & Poor's mid-January.

But the main constraint to be exercised on the French debt will be at the community. By coincidence, in the days following the second round, the European Commission must publish its report on the growth prospects of French public finances. However, this report will not consider the program of President-elect. "There is a risk that this be interpreted by markets as a distrust of the new president," worries do we camp in the Netherlands. In fact, it is on structural reforms of the future government that markets deem the French debt. "The benchmark in Europe now, it's Mario Monti and his reform of the labor market," says a senior European official. From this point of view, Francois Hollande is a real risk, arguing such measures as hiring officials or the questioning, even partial, of the pension reform.

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A water sports center has replaced five towers in the district of Val Fourré in Mantes-la-Jolie. Photo credits: ANRU

 

500, 700 or 1 trillion? The euro area has an appointment this Friday in Copenhagen for the latest additions to its financial firewall and anti-crisis to its arsenal, while the political fatigue sets in Europe against austerity.

The divisions that have come to light between Paris, Berlin and Brussels on the future size of the bailout fund serious concern to markets, while in bad times, according to the OECD. Thursday, the Milan Stock Exchange fell 3.30%, that of Paris lost 1.43% and the euro retreated to $ 1.32.  

After months of negotiations, the seventeen ministers of finance of the common currency must agree on how the European Stability Mechanism (MES), the permanent emergency fund that will begin to relay the temporary established in 2010 .

The lending capacity of the firewall, initially set at 500 billion, will undoubtedly raised to 700 billion or more through a tardy concession of Germany, the main funder. For their part, the European Commission, IMF, OECD and France, through the voice of Baroin, grow to a figure of around 1 trillion.

Haggling

But setting this ceiling, watched by the markets, is largely theoretical. The ultimate capacity of loans depends on the leverage chosen, from a capital contribution set at 80 billion, for all seventeen countries. It also depends on the timing of national inputs, the speed of repayment of loans and additional committed instant payday loan lenders. In practice, the total actually available would increase from 250 today to 500 billion in the summer of 2014, according to internal documents.

The other unknown in Copenhagen is the estate of Jean-Claude Juncker, for seven years as head of the Eurogroup. The German finance minister, Wolfgang Schäuble, appears as a favorite difficult to unseat. But several factors could delay his consecration. Other seats are vacant at the European Central Bank (ECB), the EBRD (European Bank of Development) and the MES, and the capitals hear bargain their support. In France and Greece, the decisive elections also prohibit release too fast or too openly extra power in Berlin.

Among all these bargains is a reluctance on course to be risks that creep. Except Germans, Europeans impatient with an austerity too severe. Spain is a general strike and Portugal still struggling to finance its debt, despite EU support. Ireland hopes to win the support of the ECB to deal with an immediate deadline. The Netherlands, once model of rigor, in turn sink into an endless government crisis against a backdrop of budget cuts emergency.

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After winning the Vietnam Gabon, Orangina part in the conquest of his adopted country. The famous drink in the pulp will be launched Tuesday with great fanfare in Japan, Suntory's home country, flying Orangina Schweppes since 2009. His arrival had been delayed because of the tsunami. "It will be the launch of the year for Suntory, who wishes to take a leading portfolio of brands in Japan," says Jean-Jacques Fredj, director general of international brands to Orangina.

The famous bottle had to undergo a facelift. Its silhouette has become more slender. Least to stick to local standards of beauty that to be linear in the size of the 40,000 supermarkets in the country. Dressed in blue and yellow, it will be sold in plastic bottles of 420 ml. We also find in the small can (280 ml) in a vending machine on eight, where the Japanese are buying prepared foods, cigarettes or lattes.

If the recipe has been adapted to industrial requirements (ingredients, temperature …) and Japanese regulatory, his taste remained nearly identical. It should surprise the consumer, more used to citrus drinks without pulp.

"French touch"

As the Japanese tend to be wary of imported products, Orangina Schweppes recall on the packaging that the drink is made and bottled on site, from a concentrate from Europe free 3-in-1 credit report.

In this country Francophile, Suntory bets on the French touch – tricolor on the bottle to support – to attract young adults, fond of novelties. Orangina has emerged including posters from the 1950s Villemot, where we find the famous umbrellas orange zest.

Suntory, who made 17 billion euros in turnover in 2011, has no room for error. On this huge market of 35 billion euros, the group, number 2 local, knows that the first two months are critical. "This is a very demanding market where rotations dictate the future of a product, especially in convenience stores, said Jean-Jacques Fredj. Sold 15% more expensive than other sodas (1.30 euro per bottle), Orangina will make its way alongside the brands Coca-Cola.

With this launch, Suntory would also demonstrate the successful integration of Orangina Schweppes. Luis Bach, his boss, just joined the board of the Japanese group. A first for a non-Japanese. After Orangina in Japan, Suntory could also continue to introduce on the Old Continent other Japanese brands as its V energy drink, already available in Spain.

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Real Madrid exhibition of frustration. Tense, silent Wednesday night after the draw conceded to Villareal (1-1) bringing the FC Barcelona 6 points behind the leader of La Liga, Real Madrid players (Karim Benzema, Iker Casillas, Sergio Ramos, Jose Mourinho and surrounded Zinedine Zidane) had, early Thursday afternoon, smiling again to unveil a draft of magnitude: "Real Madrid Resort Island." A tourist complex and theme park located in the UAE, in Ras al-Khaimah. Game without borders

.

On an artificial island (50 hectares), a marina, hotels and luxury villas, museums, sports facilities including a 10,000-seat stadium will rise up and hope to host in January 2015 from one million visitors a year. A "Real Madridland" (45 minutes from Dubai Airport) estimated at $ 1 billion, which is reminiscent of the Ferrari World theme park located in Abu Dhabi since 2010 letting go of roller coasters, driving simulators

. Between excitement and nervousness

"When Real Madrid Island Resort will open its doors, the visitor will be part of the legend of the best club football history, which seeks to be eternal, universal guaranteed online payday loans. This is a strategic institution in the Middle East and Asia, "summarized Florentino Perez, the president of Spanish club. The Real (480 million budget, 460 for FC Barcelona), sacred richest club in the world for the sixth straight year in 2011 (438.6 million revenue in 2010), club all records on transfers (Cristiano Ronaldo, 94 million euros, Zidane, 77 milllion …), wants to continue to combine with all the time.  

The past is revered through daily visits in the corridors of Santiago Bernabeu, the home club. Besides the exploits of Alfredo Di Stefano, the volley of Zinedine Zidane with the Champions League final in 2002 against the Merengue Leverkusen appears XXL poster. This, to him, found himself between excitement and nervousness (C1 hopes of a tenth and a thirty-second Liga, most recently in 2008), when the future is taking shape. Voted the best club of the twentieth century, Real wants, the year of its centennial, see below, great

.

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When David attacked Goliath … The BFD software company, building on its 4 million euros in annual turnover and its 37 employees, went into battle against BNP Paribas, which displays 6 billion euros of profit on the clock. According to Le Parisien, she accused the banking giant to have poached one of its engineers in order to terminate a subcontract of 900,000 Euros. The story began when BFD, who worked for three years developing a computer program to BNP Paribas, has suddenly learned earlier this year that this contract would not be renewed. But Philip Michelin, the boss of the company, ensures that negotiations were on track. "I had even planned to mobilize more than five employees on this issue," he tells Le Parisien. Finally, it has laid off four people.

Bad news never comes alone, the boss of BFD was later discovered that one of its best engineers left him to join the ranks of BNP Paribas. Strange coincidence: the employee, who worked for the computer company for twelve years, was supervisor of the BFD program that developed for the bank, called Easy Doc, whose purpose was to enable employees to share their knowledge. "He knew by heart the project. If BNP Paribas has poached is to continue development of Easy-Doc is from our services, "protested Philip Michelin. Sickened, he adds that this hiring is even more "unacceptable" that the contract between BNP Paribas and BFD included an "opt-poaching".  

BFD, which further argues partnerships with other major banks like Societe Generale, Natixis, Credit Agricole and HSBC, does not stop there. The company complained to the High Court. Bailiffs have made a seizure of computer equipment, February 1, the antenna of Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis, BNP Paribas. "We are looking for emails that could prove that the bank has canvassed the employee," says Philippe Michelin daily. BNP Paribas, meanwhile, declined to comment on "a judicial proceeding."

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Since last summer, bank credit has become scarce for local elected officials. New regulations have made loans to local banks for less advantageous, when Dexia, their traditional bank, plunged. So it is impossible for municipalities, counties and regions to find in private schools 16 to 18 billion in loans they need each year to finance their investments. Aware of the danger, the government called the Deposit to the rescue. Twice, in late 2011 and early 2012, the Fund has allocated credit of 5 billion euros.

But if the fire was extinguished in the short term, elected officials are worried about post-2012. They look for alternative sources of funding. The use of bond markets is limited to major cities and regions. Quite expensive and reserved for communities heavily populated, borrowing from the people is not ideal. Hence the idea, supported by associations of elected officials since September, to create an agency of local government financing, which could provide 25% of their funding. She would borrow on financial markets and then offer loans to member communities. With this system, small communities would have access to the bond market.

But in a report requested by the Parliament, the government is wary shows the feasibility of such an agency. The report doubts that the structure can be rated AAA or even AA +, as expected by local officials. The state itself has lost its triple A!

Risk of debt

Furthermore, "the device does not yet appear likely to develop a truly autonomous structure and without government guarantee," the report said. But the state itself in debt, does not consider such a bond. Moreover, the structure will have significant equity. The equity will be provided by local, that may … have to go into debt to provide money destined to be blocked.

Anyway, the Minister for local government, Philippe Richert, believes that the Agency is not required. Local councilors, who were attached to the agency, probably will challenge this analysis.

Questions … Philippe Richert, minister for local government.

Funding for communities been secured for 2012?

Yes. Private banks are committed to providing just under 11 billion in loans. The new public bank, Dexia replacing, should provide 2 billion from the summer. To the join, the government asked the Caisse des Depots (CDC) to release $ 5 billion. An initial budget of 2 billion will be available until late March. In total, the account will be there.

But the CDC can not put out the fires forever

.

From 2013, we no longer need to resort to the CDC. Indeed, the public bank will rise in power. I think she may grant 4 billion of loans in 2013.

The funding agency will she need?

Local elected officials want to create an agency that would borrow on their behalf in the bond markets. In principle, this is a good idea. But the establishment of this agency, as it is now conceived, is problematic. This type of structure exists in Northern Europe. But in these countries, communities have more resources and are much less numerous, there is not 36,000 municipalities. The situation is not comparable. In the immediate future, it is better to focus on the new public bank.

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